Disclosure guides

Understand the questions behind the standards.

How Disclosure Guides work

London Reporting Academy·Disclosure guides

Understand the questions behind the standards.

Expert-written answers to the questions that slow reporting teams down. Each one opens with the conclusion, shows the requirement it rests on, explains the conditions and the judgement involved, and links to the disclosure cards the decision affects.

  • 478 guides published
  • Practitioner-written, technically reviewed
  • A named reviewer, with a date
  • Free to read

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How an LRA Disclosure Guide helps: use the GRI omissions example to check the rule, understand the required explanation and prepare the disclosure using the relevant card. GRI 2-1 does not permit omissions.
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Answers from the published guides · 275 disclosure cards · 1,211 indexed reports

Disclosure guides

Filtered guides

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All 51 guides, titles only. Back to the full answers →

  1. EU VS·Decision guideReport or Dataset First? How SMEs Should Implement Voluntary Sustainability Reporting
  2. EU VS·ComparisonNot Applicable vs Unavailable vs Omitted: How to Classify Voluntary Standard Datapoints
  3. EU VS·Decision guideEvidence Register for the EU Voluntary Standard: What to Keep Behind Every Datapoint
  4. EU VS·Decision guideMissing Data and Estimates Under the EU Voluntary Standard: What Is Allowed?
  5. EU VS·Decision guideDoes an EU Voluntary Sustainability Report Need External Assurance?
  6. EU VS·ComparisonEU Voluntary Standard vs GRI: Which Framework Fits an SME?
  7. EU VS·ComparisonEU Voluntary Standard vs ESRS: Key Differences for Companies Outside CSRD Scope
  8. EU VS·Decision guideC5 Workforce Characteristics: Turnover, Management and Governance Populations Explained
  9. EU VS·Decision guideC4 Climate Risks: Physical and Transition Risk Without an Overbuilt Scenario Model
  10. EU VS·Decision guideC3 Climate Targets and Scope 3: When Quantification Is Appropriate
  11. EU VS·Decision guideC2 Policies and Practices: How to Avoid Overstating Sustainability Maturity
  12. EU VS·Decision guideC1 Business Model and Value Chain: How to Write a Useful Comprehensive Disclosure
  13. EU VS·ComparisonEU Voluntary Standard 2026 vs VSME
  14. EU VS·Decision guideEUVS KH 29 Workforce Disclosures
  15. EU VS·ComparisonBasic vs Comprehensive Module
  16. EU VS·Decision guideConvictions and Fines Under B11: What Must an Undertaking Report?
  17. EU VS·Decision guideB1 and B2 Explained: Company Profile, Practices, Policies and Future Initiatives
  18. EU VS·Decision guideEUVS KH 28 Environmental B Disclosures
  19. EU VS·Decision guideEnergy and GHG Disclosures Under the EU Voluntary Standard: Scope 1, Scope 2 and Evidence
  20. EU VS·Decision guideEU Voluntary Sustainability Reporting Standard 2026 Explained
  21. EU VS·Decision guideIs the EU Voluntary Sustainability Reporting Standard Mandatory?
  22. EU VS·Decision guideWho Can Use the EU Voluntary Sustainability Reporting Standard?
  23. EU VS·Decision guideHow to Answer Customer and Bank ESG Questionnaires Using the EU Voluntary Standard
  24. EU VS·ExplainerEU Voluntary Sustainability Report Template: Structure, Disclosure Index and Evidence Pack
  25. EU VS·Decision guideMust an EU Voluntary Sustainability Report Be Public?
  26. EU VS·Decision guideCan You Add Selected Comprehensive Disclosures to a Basic Module Report?
  27. EU VS·ComparisonOption A vs Option B Under the EU Voluntary Standard: Requirements and Reporting Claims
  28. EU VS·ExplainerEU Voluntary Standard Comprehensive Module: Complete Guide to C1-C9 Disclosures
  29. EU VS·ExplainerEU Voluntary Standard Basic Module: Complete Guide to B1-B11 Disclosures
  30. EU VS·ComparisonEU Voluntary Standard vs IFRS S1 and IFRS S2: SME Reporting and Investor Information Compared
  31. EU VS·Decision guideHow to Prepare a Report Under the EU Voluntary Standard: Step-by-Step Guide
  32. EU VS·Decision guideDoes the EU Value Chain Cap Apply to Banks, Customers and Procurement Platforms?
  33. EU VS·Decision guideCan a Supplier Refuse an ESG Data Request Under the EU Value Chain Cap?
  34. EU VS·Decision guideProtected Undertaking Test: Does the EU Value Chain Cap Apply to Your Company?
  35. EU VS·Decision guideEU Value Chain Cap Explained: What Large Companies May Ask Smaller Suppliers to Report
  36. EU VS·ToolkitEU Voluntary Standard C6–C9 and Framework Comparison Controls
  37. EU VS·Decision guideFree EU Voluntary Sustainability Reporting Template: Basic and Comprehensive Modules
  38. EU VS·ExplainerC6 and C7 Human Rights Disclosures: Complaints, Confirmed Incidents and Remediation
  39. EU VS·Decision guideHow Large Companies Should Redesign Supplier ESG Questionnaires Around the Value Chain Cap
  40. EU VS·Decision guideEU Voluntary Standard Implementation Checklist: 60 Questions for the First Reporting Cycle
  41. EU VS·Mistakes and mythsCommon EU Voluntary Standard Mistakes: Value Chain Cap, Modules, Missing Data and Claims
  42. EU VS·Decision guideFirst EU Voluntary Reporting Cycle: A 90-Day and 12-Month Roadmap
  43. EU VS·Decision guideDo SMEs Need Sustainability Reporting Software, or Is Excel Enough?
  44. EU VS·ExplainerC9 Gender Diversity Ratio: Calculation, Population and Reporting Controls
  45. EU VS·ExplainerC8 Sector Exposure and Related Revenue: How to Determine the Correct Boundary
  46. EU VS·Decision guideProtected Undertaking Self-Declaration: What Suppliers and Requesters Should Document
  47. EU VS·Decision guideHow to Respond to an Above-Cap Sustainability Data Request Without Damaging the Customer Relationship
  48. EU VS·Decision guideUsing the EU Voluntary Standard in Tenders, Supplier Onboarding and Customer Due Diligence
  49. EU VS·Decision guideCan One Sustainability Dataset Support the EU Voluntary Standard, ESRS, GRI and Bank Requests?
  50. EU VS·Decision guideVoluntary Sustainability Reporting Without an ESG Team: A Practical Model for SMEs
  51. EU VS·Decision guideEU Voluntary Standard for Bank and Lender Requests: What Information Is Most Decision-Useful?

How an LRA guide is built

Every answer follows the same discipline.

You should be able to stop reading after the first paragraph and still have what you came for. Everything below it exists so you can defend the answer to a reviewer.

  1. 01
    Answer

    The question is stated as a reporting team would ask it, and settled in the opening lines.

  2. 02
    Basis

    The official source and edition are named, and kept clearly apart from our reading of them.

  3. 03
    Judgement

    The points the standard leaves open are marked, with what a defensible position looks like.

  4. 04
    Action

    The answer links to the disclosures and evidence it affects, so a decision turns into fields to fill.

  • Practitioner-written, then technically reviewed
  • A named reviewer, with a date
  • Requirements kept separate from practice and interpretation
  • Stated update triggers for re-reading each answer
RK From the answer to the report Dr Ross Kurinko Strategic ESG Advisor · IFRS S1 & S2 / GRI / ESRS
GRI and ISSB-IFRS S1 & S2 Certified Global Trainer · PhD, University of Cambridge · ESG-AI expert 15+ years on FTSE 100 & Fortune Global 500 disclosures Canary Wharf, London LRA educational guidance · Not issued or endorsed by the standard setters LinkedIn

Coverage

Which frameworks have answers yet.

The guides tier is written framework by framework rather than thinly across all of them, so this says where the writing has actually reached. Disclosure cards, which cover the requirements themselves, run ahead of it.

Found the answer?

Turn the decision into a disclosure.

An answer settles what to do. The disclosure card is where it becomes data to collect, owners to name, evidence to retain and wording to draft — and when the whole reporting cycle is the problem, the programme walks it with a mentor on your own data.

Available as Guided Flex, Live Cohort, 1:1 Expert Mentorship or Corporate Programme.

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