Disclosure guides

Understand the questions behind the standards.

How Disclosure Guides work

London Reporting Academy·Disclosure guides

Understand the questions behind the standards.

Expert-written answers to the questions that slow reporting teams down. Each one opens with the conclusion, shows the requirement it rests on, explains the conditions and the judgement involved, and links to the disclosure cards the decision affects.

  • 478 guides published
  • Practitioner-written, technically reviewed
  • A named reviewer, with a date
  • Free to read

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How an LRA Disclosure Guide helps: use the GRI omissions example to check the rule, understand the required explanation and prepare the disclosure using the relevant card. GRI 2-1 does not permit omissions.
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Answers from the published guides · 275 disclosure cards · 1,211 indexed reports

Disclosure guides

New standards and transition

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UK S1·Explainer·New standards and transition

UK SRS S1 Digital Reporting: Taxonomy, Tagging and Future Filing Requirements

There is no general rule that every voluntary UK SRS S1 report must already be digitally tagged and filed under a dedicated UK sustainability taxonomy. Even so, companies should prepare for digital reporting early.

Helps you decideUK SRS S1 Digital Reporting: Taxonomy, Tagging and Future Filing Requirements

Reviewed 11 Aug 2026 3 min Read the guide →

UK S1·Explainer·New standards and transition

UK SRS S1 for Private and Unlisted Companies: Why Voluntary Use May Still Matter

Voluntary UK SRS S1 use can be valuable for a private or unlisted company when it improves a real decision: credit assessment, investment, owner oversight, customer due diligence, strategic planning or future reporting readiness. The company should start from intended users and material sustainability-related risks and opportunities, connect them to cash flows and financing, and apply proportionate data and controls.

Helps you decidewhether voluntary UK SRS S1 use earns its cost for an unlisted company, and whether to apply it in full, in part or as a controlled supplement

Reviewed 10 Aug 2026 10 min Read the guide →

UK S1·Decision guide·New standards and transition

UK SRS S1 Timeline: 2026 Standard, the FCA's Final 2027 Rules and What Companies Should Do Now

Final UK SRS S1 and UK SRS S2 were published on 25 February 2026 and are available for voluntary use. The FCA consulted on listed-company rules in CP26/5 (closed 20 March 2026) and published its final rules in PS26/19 on 30 September 2026.

Helps you decidewhen UK SRS S1 reaches your organisation under the FCA's final rules or voluntary use, and what to build before your first 2027 reporting period

Reviewed 11 Aug 2026 10 min Read the guide →

UK S1·Decision guide·New standards and transition

Is UK SRS S1 Mandatory? Voluntary Use, the FCA's Final Rules and the Companies Act Route

UK SRS S1 did not become generally mandatory when the government published the final standard; it remains available for voluntary use by any entity. For listed issuers in UKLR categories 6, 14, 15, 16 and 22, the FCA's final rules in PS26/19 (30 September 2026) apply UK SRS S1 and S2 on a comply or explain basis for accounting periods beginning on or after 1 January 2027, with a two-year climate-first relief for non-climate S1 information in periods beginning in 2027 and 2028.

Helps you decidewhether UK SRS S1 applies to your entity under the FCA's final listing rules, voluntarily or not yet at all, and what that means for planning

Reviewed 11 Aug 2026 10 min Read the guide →

UK S1·Decision guide·New standards and transition

UK SRS S1 Gap Assessment: How to Test Readiness for Voluntary or FCA Reporting

A useful UK SRS S1 gap assessment is not a paragraph-by-paragraph tick-box exercise. It tests whether the organisation can identify material sustainability-related risks and opportunities, explain their effects on prospects, produce four-pillar disclosures, connect finance and sustainability information, apply or document sources of guidance, manage S2 climate interactions, evidence controls and integrate the result into the annual report.

Helps you decideIs the organisation report-ready, partially ready or still in design for UK SRS S1?

Reviewed 11 Aug 2026 6 min Read the guide →

UK S1·Decision guide·New standards and transition

How to Select Industry-Based Metrics Under UK SRS S1 Without Mandatory SASB Use

UK SRS S1 does not require an entity to use the SASB Standards, but it does require disclosed metrics to include metrics associated with particular business models, activities or other industry characteristics. A defensible process starts with material sustainability-related risks and opportunities, maps the entity's activities and industries, considers a complete candidate universe and then applies relevance, faithful-representation, materiality and comparability tests.

Helps you decideHow to Select Industry-Based Metrics Under UK SRS S1 Without Mandatory SASB Use

Reviewed 11 Aug 2026 13 min Read the guide →

UK S1·Explainer·New standards and transition

UK SRS S1 and the Companies Act: How Future Requirements May Fit Together

UK SRS S1 does not itself amend the Companies Act or create a mandatory reporting population. It supplies a final technical standard that any entity may use voluntarily.

Helps you decidehow much UK SRS capability to build now against a Companies Act route that is not yet law, and which legislative gaps to watch before you commit

Reviewed 10 Aug 2026 9 min Read the guide →

UK S1·Explainer·New standards and transition

FCA PS26/19 Final Rules: What UK SRS S1 Means for Listed Companies from 2027

Under the FCA's final rules in PS26/19 (30 September 2026), issuers in UK Listing Rules categories 6 (commercial companies), 14 (international commercial companies with a secondary listing), 15 (depositary receipts), 16 (non-equity shares and non-voting equity shares) and 22 (transition) apply UK SRS S1 and S2 on a comply or explain basis for accounting periods beginning on or after 1 January 2027, with first reporting in 2028. Comply or explain covers climate disclosures and Scope 3 as well as wider sustainability information.

Helps you decidewhether your listing category falls under the FCA's final UK SRS rules from 2027, and how to plan comply or explain, the reliefs and the compliance statement

Reviewed 10 Aug 2026 10 min Read the guide →

How an LRA guide is built

Every answer follows the same discipline.

You should be able to stop reading after the first paragraph and still have what you came for. Everything below it exists so you can defend the answer to a reviewer.

  1. 01
    Answer

    The question is stated as a reporting team would ask it, and settled in the opening lines.

  2. 02
    Basis

    The official source and edition are named, and kept clearly apart from our reading of them.

  3. 03
    Judgement

    The points the standard leaves open are marked, with what a defensible position looks like.

  4. 04
    Action

    The answer links to the disclosures and evidence it affects, so a decision turns into fields to fill.

  • Practitioner-written, then technically reviewed
  • A named reviewer, with a date
  • Requirements kept separate from practice and interpretation
  • Stated update triggers for re-reading each answer
RK From the answer to the report Dr Ross Kurinko Strategic ESG Advisor · IFRS S1 & S2 / GRI / ESRS
GRI and ISSB-IFRS S1 & S2 Certified Global Trainer · PhD, University of Cambridge · ESG-AI expert 15+ years on FTSE 100 & Fortune Global 500 disclosures Canary Wharf, London LRA educational guidance · Not issued or endorsed by the standard setters LinkedIn

Coverage

Which frameworks have answers yet.

The guides tier is written framework by framework rather than thinly across all of them, so this says where the writing has actually reached. Disclosure cards, which cover the requirements themselves, run ahead of it.

Found the answer?

Turn the decision into a disclosure.

An answer settles what to do. The disclosure card is where it becomes data to collect, owners to name, evidence to retain and wording to draft — and when the whole reporting cycle is the problem, the programme walks it with a mentor on your own data.

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