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GRI 102: Climate Change·Disclosure GRI 102-2

Climate change adaptation plan

Guida pratica per preparare questa informativa. Usa questa scheda per individuare le informazioni da predisporre, verificare le affermazioni e organizzare le evidenze a supporto. Per i requisiti esatti, fai sempre riferimento alla fonte ufficiale Global Reporting Initiative.

Status giuridico

GRI 102: Climate Change 2025 is effective for reports or other materials published on or after 1 January 2027, with earlier adoption encouraged.

Passaporto pubblicato

Ultima revisione il 2026-07-30
RK Revisionato da Dr Ross KurinkoLinkedIn Strategic ESG Advisor · IFRS S1 & S2 / GRI / ESRS expert GRI Certified Global Trainer · PhD, University of Cambridge · ESG-AI expert 15+ years on FTSE 100 & Fortune Global 500 disclosures Canary Wharf, London Materiale didattico LRA · Non emesso né approvato da Global Reporting Initiative

Standard

GRI 102: Climate Change

Disclosure GRI 102-2 · 2025

In vigore

2027-01-01

Fonte ufficiale: Apri ↗

Ultima revisione

2026-07-30

Materiale didattico LRA · Non emesso né approvato da Global Reporting Initiative

Focus dell’informativa

Disclosure 102-2 requires an organization to describe its plan to adapt to the actual and potential effects of climate change across its activities and its upstream and downstream value chain. The disclosure distinguishes between impacts associated with climate change-related risks and opportunities, which inform the development of the adaptation plan, and impacts that arise from implementing the plan.

The organization must describe the impacts on people and the environment associated with its physical risks, transition risks relevant to adaptation, and climate change-related opportunities, and explain how these impacts were considered in developing the adaptation plan. Physical risks can be acute, such as storms and floods, or chronic, such as rising temperatures, heatwaves, drought and water scarcity.

The adaptation plan must include the organization’s policies and actions to adapt to climate change. Actions can include nature-based adaptation, engineering solutions, technological solutions, climate-proofing facilities, working with suppliers, supporting community disaster preparedness, and improving access to water and other essential services.

The organization must identify the climate change-related scenarios used, the temperature projections included in them, and the methodologies and assumptions applied. It should use a range of scenarios, including at least one high-emissions scenario with warming well above 2°C and one scenario compatible with the Paris Agreement. Where non-IPCC scenarios are used, the organization should explain the reason for their selection and how they align with the latest science.

The organization must report the expenditure incurred in implementing the adaptation plan both as a monetary value and as a percentage of its total expenditure for the reporting period. The percentage must be calculated using total organizational expenditure as the denominator, not the budget or total planned cost of the adaptation programme. The organization should reconcile the amounts with financial information and report the CapEx and OpEx breakdown.

The organization must identify the governance bodies or individual roles responsible for overseeing and implementing the adaptation plan and describe their responsibilities. It should distinguish the oversight responsibilities of the highest governance body from the implementation responsibilities of senior executives.

The organization must report the targets used to achieve the adaptation plan and its progress toward them. Targets can relate to physical-risk assessments, implementation of site adaptation plans, employee training, resilience testing, heat-related illness, damage costs and adaptive capacity.

The organization must explain how the adaptation plan aligns with just transition principles and how engagement with affected stakeholders informs its development and implementation. It should identify affected and potentially affected workers, trade unions, local communities, Indigenous Peoples, suppliers, governments and at-risk or vulnerable groups, and explain how their concerns influenced the plan.

The organization must describe the positive and negative impacts on people and the environment that result from implementing the adaptation plan and the actions taken to manage them. It must consider workers, local communities, Indigenous Peoples and biodiversity separately. It should also describe impacts that could arise if the adaptation plan is not implemented.

If the organization does not have an adaptation plan, it must explain why the plan does not exist, describe the steps being taken to develop it and report the expected time frame.

The organization should report how frequently the adaptation plan is reviewed, changes made since the previous reporting period and any alignment with applicable national, regional or sectoral adaptation plans. Information already reported under Disclosures 102-1, 2-12, 2-13, 2-23, 2-29, 3-3 or 101-2 can be incorporated through clear cross-references where it fully addresses the relevant requirement.

Disclosure 102-2 applies when climate change has been determined to be a material topic and the disclosure is relevant to the organization’s climate change-related impacts. It supplements and does not replace Disclosure 3-3. Reasons for omission are permitted in accordance with GRI 1.

Questo materiale didattico LRA supporta la preparazione dell’informativa. Per i requisiti esatti, fai sempre riferimento alla fonte ufficiale Global Reporting Initiative.

Prima di iniziare

Prima di iniziare

Una breve checklist prima di preparare questa informativa: spunta ogni voce man mano che la definisci.

Preparazione

Informazioni chiave da preparare

Campo da preparare Cosa rilevare Suggerimento sull’evidenza Responsabile
Adaptation-plan scope and distinction between risk impacts and plan impacts Disclosure 102-2 requires an organization to describe its plan to adapt to the actual and potential effects of climate change across its activities and its upstream and downstream value chain. The disclosure distinguishes between impacts associated with climate change-related risks and opportunities, which inform the development of the adaptation plan, and impacts that arise from implementing the plan. Approved source records, calculation files, reconciliations and review evidence supporting adaptation-plan scope and distinction between risk impacts and plan impacts. Climate / Sustainability reporting
Physical-risk, transition-risk and opportunity impacts The organization must describe the impacts on people and the environment associated with its physical risks, transition risks relevant to adaptation, and climate change-related opportunities, and explain how these impacts were considered in developing the adaptation plan. Physical risks can be acute, such as storms and floods, or chronic, such as rising temperatures, heatwaves, drought and water scarcity. Approved source records, calculation files, reconciliations and review evidence supporting physical-risk, transition-risk and opportunity impacts. Climate / Sustainability reporting
Adaptation policies and actions The adaptation plan must include the organization’s policies and actions to adapt to climate change. Actions can include nature-based adaptation, engineering solutions, technological solutions, climate-proofing facilities, working with suppliers, supporting community disaster preparedness, and improving access to water and other essential services. Approved source records, calculation files, reconciliations and review evidence supporting adaptation policies and actions. Operations / Sustainability reporting
Climate scenarios, projections and assumptions The organization must identify the climate change-related scenarios used, the temperature projections included in them, and the methodologies and assumptions applied. It should use a range of scenarios, including at least one high-emissions scenario with warming well above 2°C and one scenario compatible with the Paris Agreement. Where non-IPCC scenarios are used, the organization should explain the reason for their selection and how they align with the latest science. Approved source records, calculation files, reconciliations and review evidence supporting climate scenarios, projections and assumptions. Climate / Sustainability reporting
Adaptation expenditure, denominator and reconciliation The organization must report the expenditure incurred in implementing the adaptation plan both as a monetary value and as a percentage of its total expenditure for the reporting period. The percentage must be calculated using total organizational expenditure as the denominator, not the budget or total planned cost of the adaptation programme. The organization should reconcile the amounts with financial information and report the CapEx and OpEx breakdown. Approved source records, calculation files, reconciliations and review evidence supporting adaptation expenditure, denominator and reconciliation. Finance / Sustainability reporting
Governance oversight and implementation responsibilities The organization must identify the governance bodies or individual roles responsible for overseeing and implementing the adaptation plan and describe their responsibilities. It should distinguish the oversight responsibilities of the highest governance body from the implementation responsibilities of senior executives. Approved source records, calculation files, reconciliations and review evidence supporting governance oversight and implementation responsibilities. Board Secretariat / Governance / Sustainability reporting
Adaptation targets and progress The organization must report the targets used to achieve the adaptation plan and its progress toward them. Targets can relate to physical-risk assessments, implementation of site adaptation plans, employee training, resilience testing, heat-related illness, damage costs and adaptive capacity. Approved source records, calculation files, reconciliations and review evidence supporting adaptation targets and progress. Climate / Sustainability reporting
Just transition and affected-stakeholder engagement The organization must explain how the adaptation plan aligns with just transition principles and how engagement with affected stakeholders informs its development and implementation. It should identify affected and potentially affected workers, trade unions, local communities, Indigenous Peoples, suppliers, governments and at-risk or vulnerable groups, and explain how their concerns influenced the plan. Approved source records, calculation files, reconciliations and review evidence supporting just transition and affected-stakeholder engagement. Stakeholder Engagement / Human Rights / Sustainability reporting
Positive and negative implementation impacts and management actions The organization must describe the positive and negative impacts on people and the environment that result from implementing the adaptation plan and the actions taken to manage them. It must consider workers, local communities, Indigenous Peoples and biodiversity separately. It should also describe impacts that could arise if the adaptation plan is not implemented. Approved source records, calculation files, reconciliations and review evidence supporting positive and negative implementation impacts and management actions. Operations / Sustainability reporting
Reason, development steps and time frame when no plan exists If the organization does not have an adaptation plan, it must explain why the plan does not exist, describe the steps being taken to develop it and report the expected time frame. Approved source records, calculation files, reconciliations and review evidence supporting reason, development steps and time frame when no plan exists. Climate / Sustainability reporting
Review frequency, changes, external alignment and cross-references The organization should report how frequently the adaptation plan is reviewed, changes made since the previous reporting period and any alignment with applicable national, regional or sectoral adaptation plans. Information already reported under Disclosures 102-1, 2-12, 2-13, 2-23, 2-29, 3-3 or 101-2 can be incorporated through clear cross-references where it fully addresses the relevant requirement. Approved source records, calculation files, reconciliations and review evidence supporting review frequency, changes, external alignment and cross-references. Climate / Sustainability reporting
+ Mostra i sotto-elementi di GRI 102-2 (checklist di lavoro LRA)

Come prepararla

Cover the organisation's activities and upstream and downstream value chain. Distinguish impacts associated with climate-related risks and opportunities from impacts caused by implementing the adaptation plan.
Collect and reconcile the records for: Adaptation-plan scope and distinction between risk impacts and plan impacts; Physical-risk, transition-risk and opportunity impacts; Adaptation policies and actions; Climate scenarios, projections and assumptions; Adaptation expenditure, denominator and reconciliation; Governance oversight and implementation responsibilities; Adaptation targets and progress; Just transition and affected-stakeholder engagement; Positive and negative implementation impacts and management actions; Reason, development steps and time frame when no plan exists; Review frequency, changes, external alignment and cross-references.
If no adaptation plan exists, report why, the steps being taken to develop one and the expected time frame. Use a GRI 1 reason for omission where another required item cannot be reported.
Draft the response using the defined terms shown in the disclosure focus; do not substitute broader internal labels.
Review the final wording against every requirement and the supporting governance or data records before sign-off.

Richiedi i dati

Request the disclosure evidence

Traduci l’informativa in una domanda di business interna, poi adattala al linguaggio della tua organizzazione.

Provide the adaptation plan and scope; risk, opportunity and impact assessments; policies and actions; scenario sources, projections and assumptions; expenditure and total-expenditure denominator; governance; targets and progress; stakeholder and just-transition records; implementation-impact management; review history and external-plan alignment.

Use the organisation's own role and document names, but preserve the defined GRI terms and the scope described above.

Richiesta migliore

Provide the adaptation plan and scope; risk, opportunity and impact assessments; policies and actions; scenario sources, projections and assumptions; expenditure and total-expenditure denominator; governance; targets and progress; stakeholder and just-transition records; implementation-impact management; review history and external-plan alignment.

Redigi la tua informativa

Note che trasformano i dati in un’informativa

Modelli formativi LRA: adattali alla tua organizzazione e verifica la fonte ufficiale prima dell’approvazione.

Nota metodologica

Classify acute and chronic physical risks, identify transition risks relevant to adaptation and use a range of scenarios including a high-emissions case and a Paris-compatible case. Calculate adaptation expenditure as a percentage of total organisational expenditure.

Nota di contesto

GRI 102-2 supplements rather than replaces GRI 3-3. Information from GRI 102-1, GRI 2 or GRI 101-2 can be cross-referenced only where it fully addresses the adaptation-specific requirement.

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Preparazione all’assurance

Per ogni affermazione, verifica le evidenze

Affermazione Rischio Evidenze da verificare
Adaptation-plan scope and distinction between risk impacts and plan impacts is reported accurately and completely.The response omits, misclassifies or overstates adaptation-plan scope and distinction between risk impacts and plan impacts.Approved source records, calculation files, reconciliations and review evidence supporting adaptation-plan scope and distinction between risk impacts and plan impacts.
Physical-risk, transition-risk and opportunity impacts is reported accurately and completely.The response omits, misclassifies or overstates physical-risk, transition-risk and opportunity impacts.Approved source records, calculation files, reconciliations and review evidence supporting physical-risk, transition-risk and opportunity impacts.
Adaptation policies and actions is reported accurately and completely.The response omits, misclassifies or overstates adaptation policies and actions.Approved source records, calculation files, reconciliations and review evidence supporting adaptation policies and actions.
Climate scenarios, projections and assumptions is reported accurately and completely.The response omits, misclassifies or overstates climate scenarios, projections and assumptions.Approved source records, calculation files, reconciliations and review evidence supporting climate scenarios, projections and assumptions.
Adaptation expenditure, denominator and reconciliation is reported accurately and completely.The response omits, misclassifies or overstates adaptation expenditure, denominator and reconciliation.Approved source records, calculation files, reconciliations and review evidence supporting adaptation expenditure, denominator and reconciliation.
Governance oversight and implementation responsibilities is reported accurately and completely.The response omits, misclassifies or overstates governance oversight and implementation responsibilities.Approved source records, calculation files, reconciliations and review evidence supporting governance oversight and implementation responsibilities.
Adaptation targets and progress is reported accurately and completely.The response omits, misclassifies or overstates adaptation targets and progress.Approved source records, calculation files, reconciliations and review evidence supporting adaptation targets and progress.
Just transition and affected-stakeholder engagement is reported accurately and completely.The response omits, misclassifies or overstates just transition and affected-stakeholder engagement.Approved source records, calculation files, reconciliations and review evidence supporting just transition and affected-stakeholder engagement.
Positive and negative implementation impacts and management actions is reported accurately and completely.The response omits, misclassifies or overstates positive and negative implementation impacts and management actions.Approved source records, calculation files, reconciliations and review evidence supporting positive and negative implementation impacts and management actions.
Reason, development steps and time frame when no plan exists is reported accurately and completely.The response omits, misclassifies or overstates reason, development steps and time frame when no plan exists.Approved source records, calculation files, reconciliations and review evidence supporting reason, development steps and time frame when no plan exists.
Review frequency, changes, external alignment and cross-references is reported accurately and completely.The response omits, misclassifies or overstates review frequency, changes, external alignment and cross-references.Approved source records, calculation files, reconciliations and review evidence supporting review frequency, changes, external alignment and cross-references.

Pacchetto di evidenze da preparare

Lacune ricorrenti nella rendicontazione

Presenting a climate-risk register as the adaptation plan.
Reporting only financial risks to the organisation rather than impacts on people and the environment.
Combining risk and opportunity impacts with impacts caused by implementing the plan.
Using one mid-range scenario and omitting high-emissions and Paris-compatible scenarios.
Calculating the expenditure percentage using the adaptation budget rather than total expenditure.
Combining worker, community, Indigenous Peoples and biodiversity impacts into one generic statement.
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