IFRS S2: Climate-related Disclosures·Paragraphs 22–b
Scenario analysis method, inputs and assumptions
Practical guidance for preparing this disclosure. Use this card to identify the information to prepare, verify claims and organise supporting evidence. For exact requirements, always refer to the official IFRS source.
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IFRS S2: Climate-related Disclosures
Paragraphs 22–b · 2024
Last reviewed
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LRA educational guidance · Not issued or endorsed by IFRS
Disclosure focus
This disclosure asks an organisation to explain the method it used for scenario analysis and the main inputs and assumptions behind it. In practice, that means setting out how the scenarios were built, what time horizons were considered, what data or parameters were used, and any key judgement calls that shaped the analysis. The aim is to make clear how the organisation tested climate-related risks and opportunities under different possible futures.
The practical focus is on transparency and consistency: a reader should be able to understand what was included, what was left out, and how robust the analysis is. Organisations should be clear about the scope of coverage across the business, such as whether the analysis applies to the whole group, selected operations, or only certain assets or sites, and whether the same approach was used across those areas or tailored in different ways.
This LRA educational guidance supports disclosure preparation. For the exact requirements, always refer to the official IFRS source.
Before you start
Before you start
A quick mental checklist before you prepare this disclosure — tick each as you settle it.
Preparation
Key information to prepare
| Preparation field | What to capture | Evidence hint | Owner |
|---|---|---|---|
| Policy and tech assumptions | Record the main policy, market and technology assumptions used in the analysis, including the basis for each assumption and any key judgement calls. | Model assumptions log, scenario notes, board or management papers, and source references used to set assumptions. | Strategy / Finance / Sustainability |
| Paris pathway use | State whether a climate pathway aligned to the Paris goal was used, and how it was applied in the analysis. | Scenario selection memo, model setup file, and analysis notes showing the chosen pathway and its use. | Sustainability / Strategy |
| Hazard and transition coverage | Describe which parts of the analysis cover climate hazards and which parts cover the move to a lower-carbon economy, including any gaps or exclusions. | Scenario scope note, risk register, and model documentation showing the covered impact types and exclusions. | Risk / Sustainability |
| Why it matters | Set out the reason this analysis is relevant to the organisation, including the business area, risk, opportunity or decision it informs. | Materiality assessment, risk register, strategy paper, or committee paper explaining the business relevance. | Sustainability / Risk / Strategy |
| Analysis period | Capture the exact period the analysis covers, including start and end dates and whether it is a point-in-time or multi-period review. | Model run date, reporting timetable, scenario analysis pack, and any period labels used in source files. | Finance / Sustainability |
| Scenario set and sources | List the scenarios used and where each one came from, including the source organisation, version or publication date where available. | Scenario library, source documents, download records, and model input register. | Sustainability / Risk / Strategy |
| Operational scope | Define which operations, entities, sites or activities are included in the analysis and which are left out. | Boundary memo, consolidation schedule, entity list, site register, and model scope notes. | Finance / Sustainability / Operations |
| Forecast horizons | State the time horizons used for the analysis, with the labels and lengths applied to each horizon. | Scenario analysis template, planning assumptions, and model outputs showing the horizon labels and dates. | Strategy / Finance / Sustainability |
How to prepare it
Request the data
Request the scenario analysis pack from Strategy / Risk
Translate the disclosure into an internal business question — then adapt it to your organisation's own language.
What assumptions, scenario set, coverage, time horizons and supporting evidence were used for the latest climate scenario analysis?
Please use your organisation’s own terms first, then map them to the disclosure labels. For example, if you call this work a climate stress test, resilience review or planning case, keep that language in the request and only translate it to the reporting label at the end. This is a training template only; adapt it to your organisation and check the source material before sign-off.
Weak request
Please provide the scenario analysis information for the disclosure, including the method, inputs and assumptions.
Why it fails: This uses reporting jargon that may not match how the team works day to day, and it does not say what evidence is needed, which period is in scope, what parts of the business were covered, or which assumptions and source materials should be returned.
Better request
Please send the latest climate scenario analysis pack for [period], including the scenario cases used, the main policy / market / technology assumptions, the parts of the business covered, whether physical risks, transition risks, or both were assessed, the time horizons used, and the note explaining why these cases were relevant. Include the source file or link, version/date, and the person who prepared and reviewed it. Use your team’s own labels if different; we will map them for reporting.
Formal email template
Subject: Request for the climate scenario analysis pack Hi [name/team], We are preparing the sustainability reporting pack and need the latest scenario analysis evidence for [reporting period]. Please share the materials used for the analysis, including: - the scenario set and where each case came from; - the main policy, market, technology and other assumptions; - which parts of the business were covered; - whether physical risks, transition risks, or both were assessed; - the time horizons used; and - the note explaining why these scenarios were relevant to the business. Please also include the source files or links, the version/date, and the person who prepared and reviewed the pack. If your team uses different internal labels for this work, please keep those labels in the response and we will map them for reporting. This is a training template only; please adapt it to your organisation and check the source material before sign-off. Many thanks, [preparer name] [team] [contact details]
Short Teams / Slack version
Hi [name/team] — could you send over the latest climate scenario analysis pack for [period]? We need the scenario list, key assumptions, what was covered, the time horizons, and the note on why these cases were chosen. Please include the source file/link, version/date, and owner/reviewer. Use your team’s own labels if different; we’ll map them later. Thanks, [name]
Industry examples
Manufacturing
Context. A group with factories, warehouses and a distribution network wants evidence from the sustainability planning team and operations risk team.
Adapted request. Please share the latest climate scenario analysis pack for [period] covering our plants, warehouses and logistics network. Include the scenario cases used, the main assumptions on policy, energy prices, technology shifts and weather impacts, the parts of the network covered, the time horizons used, and the note on why these cases were chosen for our operations. Please attach the source workbook or model link, version/date, and the owner/reviewer. Use your internal labels for the analysis and we will map them later.
Example response. Pack title: FY2025 climate planning case review; Scenario names: base, delayed policy, rapid transition, severe weather; Coverage: 12 plants, 4 warehouses, 1 distribution hub; Time horizons: 2027, 2030, 2040; Evidence reference: workbook link and assumptions log.
Financial services
Context. A lender wants evidence from the risk function and portfolio analytics team for a portfolio-level climate planning exercise.
Adapted request. Please send the latest climate scenario analysis pack for [period] covering the lending portfolio. Include the scenario set and source, the main policy, market, technology and physical assumptions, the portfolio segments covered, the time horizons used, and the note explaining why the selected cases were relevant to the portfolio and strategy. Please include the source files, version/date, and the person who prepared and reviewed the pack. Keep your team’s own labels in the response; we will map them for reporting.
Example response. Pack title: Portfolio climate planning pack; Scenario names: orderly transition, disorderly transition, hot-house world; Coverage: corporate lending, commercial real estate and project finance; Time horizons: 2026, 2030, 2050; Evidence reference: scenario memo, model outputs and review sign-off.
Draft your disclosure
Notes that turn data into a disclosure
LRA training templates — adapt them to your organisation, and check the official source before sign-off.
Method note
Start by stating which scenarios were used, where they came from, which assumptions were applied, which parts of the business were included, and the time periods covered, so readers can see the basis of the analysis.
Context note
Explain what the scenario work is intended to show for the business, including how the chosen scenarios help assess climate-related exposure across the operations in scope and over the selected horizons.
Fluctuation statement
If the analysis changed from the prior period, note whether the shift came from different scenarios, updated assumptions, a wider or narrower scope, or a change in the time horizons reviewed.
Content index entry
s2-22-b Scenario analysis method, inputs and assumptions — [location / page] / [notes]Download Centre
Preparation tools & forms
Professional preparation tools for s2-22-b — free with an LRA Community membership. Register once (it's free) and every download unlocks, together with the Disclosure Library, templates and the LRA AI Assistant.
Assurance readiness
For each claim, check the evidence
| Claim | Risk | Evidence to check |
|---|---|---|
| We kept a written note of the main policy, market, country-level, energy and technology assumptions used in the scenario work. | The assurer may ask whether the assumptions were actually documented, whether they were the ones used in the analysis, and whether the note matches the final published figure. | Scenario model inputs; assumption log or working paper; version history showing the assumptions used; sign-off pack linking the assumptions note to the published disclosure. |
| We used a scenario set that included a climate case linked to the latest global climate agreement. | The assurer may probe whether that type of case was really included, how it was identified, and whether the wording in the disclosure overstates what was used. | Scenario list; source documents for each scenario; internal mapping showing which scenario was treated as the agreement-linked case; review notes confirming the published description. |
| We based the coverage on a mix of scenarios that covered different risk types, rather than a single narrow case. | The assurer may check whether the set was genuinely varied, whether it covered one or both risk categories, and whether the published wording matches the actual set used. | Scenario selection paper; risk mapping matrix; source materials for each scenario; evidence of review and approval of the final set. |
| We can explain why the chosen scenarios were the right ones for judging how the business might hold up under climate-related change and uncertainty. | The assurer may challenge whether the rationale is specific enough, whether it is supported by the business context, and whether the explanation is consistent with the analysis performed. | Rationale memo; board or management papers; links between scenarios and strategic risks; working papers showing how the scenarios were selected for relevance. |
| We recorded the reporting year in which the scenario analysis was performed. | The assurer may verify that the stated year is correct, that the work was completed in that period, and that the disclosure does not blur preparation timing with publication timing. | Project timetable; dated working papers; meeting minutes; approval records showing when the analysis was carried out. |
| We can identify the scenarios we used and where each one came from. | The assurer may ask whether every scenario is named, whether the sources are traceable, and whether any internally adapted material is clearly distinguished from external material. | Scenario register; source references or links; copies of external scenario publications; internal notes showing any adaptations or selections made. |
Evidence pack to prepare
Common reporting gaps
Common gaps
Mistakes to avoid when collecting the data
Where judgement is often needed
Examples
Illustrative examples
Synthetic, written by LRA — not from a company report, not text from any standard.
We assessed climate-related risks and opportunities for our power stations, grid connections and fuel supply chain across our owned sites and joint ventures in Europe and North America, using a 2024 reporting year view with analysis to 2030, 2040 and 2050. Our scenario set combined a Paris-consistent pathway from the IEA and NGFS with a higher-warming pathway from the IPCC, and we used it to test both heat, flood and water stress impacts as well as carbon price, demand and technology-shift effects.
- The assessment rests on assumptions about policy tightening, fuel prices, carbon costs, renewable build-out, storage costs and plant efficiency, with the same assumptions applied consistently across the portfolio.
- We judged the exercise relevant because it covers 92% of our owned generation capacity and 88% of our contracted fuel volume, which together represent the parts of the business most exposed to climate change and the energy transition.
Synthetic example for practitioner training only; not legal, compliance or assurance advice.
For our 2024 reporting period, we reviewed climate scenarios for our directly managed offices and logistics assets in the UK and Asia-Pacific, looking ahead to 2030, 2040 and 2050. We used a Paris-aligned pathway from the Network for Greening the Financial System together with a severe-warming pathway from the IPCC, and we tested both physical hazards such as heat and flooding and transition effects such as retrofit cost, energy-price change and tenant demand.
- Our working assumptions covered building-code tightening, grid decarbonisation, financing costs, retrofit technology performance and occupancy trends, and we applied them to the full managed portfolio.
- We considered the analysis material because it spans 74 of our 80 buildings and 6.2 million of our 6.8 million square feet, so it captures the assets most likely to be affected by climate-related change.
Synthetic example for practitioner training only; not legal, compliance or assurance advice.
Company reports
How companies report S2-22-b in practice
Examples of full and partial reporting practice. These are evidence-led reviews, not exact disclosure templates to copy.
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Check your understanding
Scenarios to work through
A manufacturer has run a climate scenario exercise for its main plants and distribution network. The team used one pathway from a recognised climate model, but the draft note only says the exercise was done and does not explain why that pathway was chosen or what business areas were included.
A retailer has modelled both flood disruption and a rapid policy shift on carbon pricing. The draft wording mentions the two scenario types, but it does not say whether the analysis looked at both short and longer time periods, or how the assumptions were set for policy, market and technology change.
An energy company has used a Paris-aligned pathway for part of its transition planning and a separate physical-risk case for its coastal assets. The draft report says the scenarios were “aligned with climate goals” and “covered risks”, but it does not say whether the analysis included both transition and physical effects, or why those choices were relevant to the company.
A diversified group has prepared a scenario analysis for the current reporting year, but the draft note mixes together assumptions from last year’s model with new assumptions from this year’s planning cycle. It also leaves out the period the analysis relates to, making it hard to tell which year the results describe.
Framework references
Relevant IFRS / ISSB requirements and related disclosures
Available framework references and nearby disclosures relevant to preparing this requirement.
IFRS / ISSB
s2-22-b
within IFRS S2: Climate-related Disclosures
Related & explore
More in IFRS S2 → Browse full catalogue → Disclosure Library home → Search all disclosures →
FAQ
Questions this page answers
Start with the plain-language explainer, then work through the datapoints to prepare, the step-by-step preparation section, and the draft-output ideas. The page is designed to help you turn source data into a first draft, not to act as an official standard.
The page says to prepare policy and technology assumptions, Paris pathway use, hazard and transition coverage, why it matters, the analysis period, scenario set and sources, operational scope, and forecast horizons. Use that list as your collection checklist before drafting.
Use the page’s preparation list to define the operational scope, analysis period, forecast horizons, scenario set and sources, and the assumptions behind the analysis. That gives you a practical basis for explaining how the disclosure was built.
The page is useful for assigning ownership by datapoint: policy and technology assumptions, scenario sources, scope, and forecast horizons will usually need named data owners. It is set up to help a sustainability, HR or data owner coordinate inputs into one draft.
The page includes an evidence pack with five items and also lists six assurance claims to verify. Use those sections to assemble the supporting documents and link each claim to the evidence you can show a reviewer.
The page says there are six assurance claims to verify, each framed around claim, risk and evidence. Use them as a review checklist so you can test whether the disclosure is supported before it goes to assurance.
The page lists common reporting gaps and mistakes so you can spot weak points before finalising the disclosure. Use that section as a pre-submission check to avoid missing data, unclear scope, or unsupported statements.
The Download Centre includes a Prep & Assurance workbook in .xlsx format and a printable Library Card in .pdf. Use the workbook to organise the preparation steps, evidence, and draft inputs, then use the PDF as a quick reference.
The page includes synthetic illustrative example disclosures, including a quantitative table, to show what a finished draft can look like. Treat them as examples only and use them to shape your own narrative and presentation.
The draft-output section gives visualisation ideas, narrative starters, and a content-index line. Use those prompts to convert your prepared data into a short draft and a clear index entry for the report.
The page notes ESRS E1 (Climate Change) as the closest correspondence, so the same data may be reusable where it fits your reporting needs. It does not say the requirements are identical, so check the disclosure-specific page content before reusing anything.
More questions this page can help with
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