London Reporting Academy·Disclosure guides
Expert-written answers to the questions that slow reporting teams down. Each one opens with the conclusion, shows the requirement it rests on, explains the conditions and the judgement involved, and links to the disclosure cards the decision affects.
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Answers from the published guides · 275 disclosure cards · 1,211 indexed reports
Disclosure guides
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UK S2·Explainer·Assurance and controls
UK SRS S2 retains the familiar four-pillar architecture of governance, strategy, risk management, and metrics and targets. The pillars should not be drafted as four separate essays.
Helps you decideHow to assign ownership and make disclosures connected, consistent and evidence-based across all four pillars.
Reviewed 11 Aug 2026 8 min Read the guide →
UK S2·Explainer·Assurance and controls
UK SRS S2 governance disclosure must explain how climate oversight operates, not merely name the board or committee. The entity identifies the governance body or individual responsible, shows how responsibility appears in mandates and role descriptions, explains how suitable skills are available or developed, describes what information is received and how often, and shows how climate matters enter strategy, major transactions, risk management and trade-off decisions.
Helps you decideWhether the climate-governance narrative is supported by clear responsibility, capable oversight, decision evidence and operating controls.
Reviewed 11 Aug 2026 10 min Read the guide →
UK S2·Toolkit·Assurance and controls
A package-level toolkit containing LRA_UK_SRS_S2_Policy_Assurance_Controls_and_Digital_Registers.xlsx, with 5 related Knowledge Hub guides.
Helps you decideWhich package files and related guides belong to this toolkit?
Reviewed 11 Aug 2026 3 min Read the guide →
UK S2·Toolkit·Assurance and controls
A package-level toolkit containing LRA_UK_SRS_S2_Climate_Risk_Materiality_Governance_and_Strategy_Registers.xlsx, with 5 related Knowledge Hub guides.
Helps you decideWhich package files and related guides belong to this toolkit?
Reviewed 11 Aug 2026 3 min Read the guide →
UK S2·Decision guide·Assurance and controls
UK SRS S2 requires governance disclosure about oversight of controls and procedures, but it does not prescribe one universal control framework. A defensible system begins with the risks of material misstatement or misleading disclosure: incomplete climate matters, wrong boundaries, model/version errors, unsupported estimates, disconnected financial effects, inaccurate targets, unbalanced narrative and uncontrolled publication changes.
Helps you decideWhich control prevents or detects the specific disclosure failure, who operates it and what evidence remains.
Reviewed 10 Aug 2026 7 min Read the guide →
UK S2·Decision guide·Assurance and controls
UK SRS S2 does not contain a general requirement that every entity obtain independent assurance. Assurance can nevertheless arise under a future regulatory route, another jurisdiction, a contract or a voluntary decision.
Helps you decideWhat is being assured, against which criteria, over what boundary and at what level.
Reviewed 10 Aug 2026 7 min Read the guide →
UK S2·Decision guide·Assurance and controls
The CFO should own the connection between climate information and the organisation’s financial reporting system, even though specialist teams continue to own underlying risk, engineering, operational and GHG evidence. Finance should ensure that material climate-related risks and opportunities are reflected consistently in budgets, forecasts, asset and liability judgements, cash-flow and financing analysis, capital allocation, scenario assumptions and the annual report.
Helps you decideWhich climate information must enter finance systems, which specialist owners remain responsible, and which reconciliations and approvals are required before annual-report release.
Reviewed 10 Aug 2026 14 min Read the guide →
How an LRA guide is built
You should be able to stop reading after the first paragraph and still have what you came for. Everything below it exists so you can defend the answer to a reviewer.
The question is stated as a reporting team would ask it, and settled in the opening lines.
The official source and edition are named, and kept clearly apart from our reading of them.
The points the standard leaves open are marked, with what a defensible position looks like.
The answer links to the disclosures and evidence it affects, so a decision turns into fields to fill.
Coverage
The guides tier is written framework by framework rather than thinly across all of them, so this says where the writing has actually reached. Disclosure cards, which cover the requirements themselves, run ahead of it.
Impact reporting, used voluntarily worldwide
587 disclosures · 140 cards European Sustainability Reporting StandardsDouble materiality, mandatory under CSRD
165 disclosures · 75 cards EU Voluntary Sustainability Reporting Standard 2026Voluntary sustainability reporting for smaller undertakings
20 requirements · no cards yet IFRS S1 and S2 (ISSB)Investor-focused, financial materiality
87 disclosures · 39 cards Taskforce on Nature-related Financial DisclosuresNature-related dependencies, impacts, risks and opportunities
0 recommendations · no cards yet UAE Federal Decree-Law No. 11 of 2024Federal climate law, in force now
16 disclosures · 7 cards UK Sustainability Reporting Standard S1UK general sustainability-related financial disclosures
0 requirements · no cards yet UK Sustainability Reporting Standard S2UK climate-related financial disclosures
0 requirements · no cards yet California SB 253 and SB 261State-law emissions and climate-risk reporting
15 disclosures · 11 cards SASB StandardsIndustry metrics, in preparation
1199 metrics · no cards yetFound the answer?
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