Disclosure guides

Understand the questions behind the standards.

How Disclosure Guides work

London Reporting Academy·Disclosure guides

Understand the questions behind the standards.

Expert-written answers to the questions that slow reporting teams down. Each one opens with the conclusion, shows the requirement it rests on, explains the conditions and the judgement involved, and links to the disclosure cards the decision affects.

  • 478 guides published
  • Practitioner-written, technically reviewed
  • A named reviewer, with a date
  • Free to read

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How an LRA Disclosure Guide helps: use the GRI omissions example to check the rule, understand the required explanation and prepare the disclosure using the relevant card. GRI 2-1 does not permit omissions.
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It answers from this page, and reaches into the linked disclosure cards when your question is about the standard itself.

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Answers from the published guides · 275 disclosure cards · 1,211 indexed reports

Disclosure guides

Assurance and controls

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ESRS·Toolkit·Assurance and controls

ESRS Practical Control Templates

One file and five guides. The workbook holds the control templates in editable form — and the five Knowledge Hub guides from the same package cover reporting boundaries, estimates and undue cost or effort, current and anticipated financial effects, omissions and confidential information, and the value chain cap.

Helps you decideWhich package files and related guides belong to this toolkit?

Reviewed 11 Aug 2026 3 min Read the guide →

ESRS·Decision guide·Assurance and controls

How to Structure an ESRS Sustainability Statement: Sections, Cross-References and Connected Information

The ESRS sustainability statement should be a clearly identified, dedicated section of the management report. Under the revised ESRS (Delegated Regulation (EU) 2026/1563), it is normally organised into four parts: general information, environmental information, social information and governance information.

Helps you decideDistinguish the dedicated statement, its four parts and the four reporting areas.

Reviewed 11 Aug 2026 16 min Read the guide →

ESRS·Explainer·Assurance and controls

Common ESRS Reporting Mistakes: 25 Problems That Undermine Compliance and Assurance

The most damaging ESRS mistakes are rarely isolated missing sentences. They are control failures that begin earlier: the wrong legal or reporting perimeter, an outdated standard, a checklist-style materiality assessment, value-chain evidence that was never requested, generic policies presented as mature management responses, unsupported estimates, financial effects disconnected from finance, weak cross-references and uncontrolled final files.

Helps you decideCommon ESRS Reporting Mistakes: 25 Problems That Undermine Compliance and Assurance

Reviewed 11 Aug 2026 14 min Read the guide →

ESRS·Explainer·Assurance and controls

Stakeholder Engagement in ESRS: affected stakeholders, due diligence, representatives, proxies, grievance mechanisms, materiality evidence and governance

ESRS does not require one universal survey or a separate engagement exercise solely for the double materiality assessment. Affected-stakeholder evidence is a key input to impact materiality and can come from ongoing due diligence, direct engagement, legitimate representatives, credible proxies, users and experts.

Helps you decideHow to design proportionate engagement and prove its influence on decisions.

Reviewed 11 Aug 2026 11 min Read the guide →

ESRS·Decision guide·Assurance and controls

First ESRS Reporting Cycle: A 15-Month Project Plan for Companies and Groups

A first ESRS cycle should be run as a controlled 15-month reporting transformation, not as a sustainability-writing project. The critical path is: confirm legal scope and standard edition; establish governance; complete a defensible double materiality assessment; lock reporting and metric boundaries; build the data dictionary and evidence model; perform dry-run calculations; draft and review disclosures; operate internal controls; complete assurance; obtain board approval; publish; and remediate findings.

Helps you decideWhat must be decided early, which workstreams can overlap, and which dependencies sit on the critical path?

Affects GDR-P

Reviewed 10 Aug 2026 14 min Read the guide →

ESRS·Decision guide·Assurance and controls

How to Prepare an ESRS Sustainability Statement: Complete Step-by-Step Guide

Preparing an ESRS sustainability statement is a controlled reporting programme, not a late-stage writing exercise. The undertaking first locks the legal scope, reporting entity, reporting period and applicable ESRS version.

Helps you decideHow to organise the programme so that materiality, data, narrative, controls and publication form one traceable process.

Affects BP-1BP-2IRO-1IRO-2 +1 more

Reviewed 10 Aug 2026 10 min Read the guide →

ESRS·Decision guide·Assurance and controls

ESRS Limited Assurance Readiness: Evidence, Controls and Common Findings

An ESRS sustainability statement is ready for limited assurance when the undertaking can reconstruct how material impacts, risks and opportunities were identified; explain the reporting boundaries and estimates used; trace each material metric and narrative claim to controlled evidence; demonstrate the link between policies, actions, resources, targets and results; and show who prepared, reviewed, challenged and approved the information. Readiness does not mean that assurance has been obtained.

Helps you decideDefine limited-assurance readiness without treating readiness work as an assurance conclusion.

Reviewed 11 Aug 2026 16 min Read the guide →

ESRS·Explainer·Assurance and controls

ESRS Disclosure Matrix and Content Index: requirements, ARs, datapoints, owners, evidence, controls, assurance status and report locations

The internal ESRS disclosure matrix is a control and assurance tool; the public list of DRs required by IRO-2, which may be presented as a content index, is a reader-navigation output. The matrix should link each material IRO and topic to the relevant DRs, mandatory ARs and atomic datapoints, then to owners, evidence, methodology, controls, assurance status, drafting location and final page.

Helps you decideWhich fields and workflow are needed from IRO to final page.

Reviewed 11 Aug 2026 11 min Read the guide →

ESRS·Explainer·Assurance and controls

ESRS 2 General Disclosures: basis of preparation, governance, strategy, business model, stakeholders, material IROs, content index and GDR

Revised ESRS 2 is the cross-cutting architecture of the sustainability statement. BP explains the reporting basis, perimeter, reliefs and phase-ins.

Helps you decideHow to design one connected cross-cutting narrative and evidence system.

Affects BP-1BP-2GDR-AGDR-M +11 more

Reviewed 11 Aug 2026 17 min Read the guide →

How an LRA guide is built

Every answer follows the same discipline.

You should be able to stop reading after the first paragraph and still have what you came for. Everything below it exists so you can defend the answer to a reviewer.

  1. 01
    Answer

    The question is stated as a reporting team would ask it, and settled in the opening lines.

  2. 02
    Basis

    The official source and edition are named, and kept clearly apart from our reading of them.

  3. 03
    Judgement

    The points the standard leaves open are marked, with what a defensible position looks like.

  4. 04
    Action

    The answer links to the disclosures and evidence it affects, so a decision turns into fields to fill.

  • Practitioner-written, then technically reviewed
  • A named reviewer, with a date
  • Requirements kept separate from practice and interpretation
  • Stated update triggers for re-reading each answer
RK From the answer to the report Dr Ross Kurinko Strategic ESG Advisor · IFRS S1 & S2 / GRI / ESRS
GRI and ISSB-IFRS S1 & S2 Certified Global Trainer · PhD, University of Cambridge · ESG-AI expert 15+ years on FTSE 100 & Fortune Global 500 disclosures Canary Wharf, London LRA educational guidance · Not issued or endorsed by the standard setters LinkedIn

Coverage

Which frameworks have answers yet.

The guides tier is written framework by framework rather than thinly across all of them, so this says where the writing has actually reached. Disclosure cards, which cover the requirements themselves, run ahead of it.

Found the answer?

Turn the decision into a disclosure.

An answer settles what to do. The disclosure card is where it becomes data to collect, owners to name, evidence to retain and wording to draft — and when the whole reporting cycle is the problem, the programme walks it with a mentor on your own data.

Available as Guided Flex, Live Cohort, 1:1 Expert Mentorship or Corporate Programme.

/en/knowledge-hub/disclosure-guides/ Wave 1 — English only