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IFRS S2: Climate-related Disclosures·Paragraph 34
Target governance and monitoring
Guide pratique pour préparer cette information. Utilisez cette fiche pour identifier les données à préparer, vérifier les affirmations et organiser les preuves. Pour les exigences exactes, reportez-vous toujours à la source officielle IFRS.
Passeport publié
Révision en attente
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En cours de révision
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Utilisez-la avec la source officielle IFRS tant que cette révision est en cours.
Norme
IFRS S2: Climate-related Disclosures
Paragraph 34 · 2024
Dernière révision
—
Support pédagogique LRA · Non publié ni approuvé par IFRS
Pour préparer cette information
Objet de l’information
This disclosure asks an organisation to explain how its climate-related targets are governed and kept under review. In practice, that means showing who is responsible for setting, approving, overseeing and updating the targets, and how management checks progress against them. The focus is on the control process around the targets, not just the target numbers themselves.
The practical emphasis is on whether the organisation has a clear system for monitoring delivery across the parts of the business that matter, rather than only at a headline or flagship level. A useful explanation would cover how targets are tracked across operations, how often performance is reviewed, what happens when progress falls behind, and how governance arrangements support action across the full scope of the organisation.
Ce support pédagogique LRA aide à préparer l’information. Pour les exigences exactes, reportez-vous toujours à la source officielle IFRS.
Avant de commencer
Avant de commencer
Une courte liste de contrôle avant de préparer cette information — cochez chaque point une fois réglé.
Préparation
Informations clés à préparer
| Champ à préparer | Ce qu’il faut recueillir | Indice de preuve | Responsable |
|---|---|---|---|
| Monitoring measures | Capture the measures used to track progress, including what is being watched, how it is measured, and the reporting period or cut-off used. | Monitoring dashboard, KPI pack, management report, or control log showing the tracked measures and the latest review date. | Performance management / reporting |
| Why it changed | Capture the stated reasons for any update or change, including the business trigger, the decision made, and the date the explanation was agreed. | Change request, board or committee paper, approval note, or revision log explaining the rationale. | Policy / governance |
| How it was checked | Capture the steps used to review the item, including who checked it, what was checked, and when the review took place. | Review checklist, sign-off sheet, internal control record, or workflow approval showing the review trail. | Assurance / controls |
| What was updated | Capture the specific items that were changed, including the before-and-after position and the scope of the update. | Version history, tracked changes, amendment log, or approved redline showing the revised items. | Reporting / policy owner |
| Validation and checker | Capture whether the item was validated, who carried out the validation, and the date or status of that validation. | Validation certificate, sign-off record, assurance note, or validator correspondence confirming status and name. | Assurance / external validation |
＋ Afficher les sous-éléments de s2-34 (liste de travail LRA)
Track the measures used to monitor progress.
Set out why the measures were changed.
Describe how the review was carried out.
Explain what was updated in the targets.
State whether the data was validated and who validated it.
Comment le préparer
Set the scope first: decide which performance measures, any changes to those measures, the checking process, and the validation status with the validator are in scope for this disclosure.
Define each item in plain business terms so the same measure is used consistently across the reporting period, including any revised targets and the reason each revision was made.
Gather the support for every point you will report: the monitoring measures, the review trail, the revised targets, the explanation for any change, and the validation details.
Assemble the disclosure content in a clear package, with one narrative or set of figures for each required item, so the reported information can be traced back to the underlying evidence.
Record any exclusions, restatements, or changes in approach, and explain why the target was adjusted and how the review was carried out.
Check the draft against the official source before sign-off to confirm you have covered all required items and that the wording matches the evidence on file.
Demander les données
Request the target monitoring and change log
Traduisez l’information en une question métier interne, puis adaptez-la au vocabulaire de votre organisation.
What evidence shows how the target has been tracked, reviewed, and changed, and who checked those changes?
Use your organisation’s own terms first, then map them to the reporting disclosure. For example, if you say KPI pack, performance dashboard, scorecard, or target tracker internally, use that language in the request and only translate it afterwards for reporting review. Keep the ask practical and avoid framework wording unless that is already how your team speaks.
Demande faible
Please send the IFRS S2 target governance evidence for s2-34, including monitoring metrics, reasons for revision, review process, target revisions, and validation status and validator.
Pourquoi elle échoue : It uses framework language that many teams do not use day to day, so the owner may not know which file, tracker, or approval trail to pull. It also bundles several ideas without saying what practical records are needed, which makes the response harder to assemble and easier to miss key evidence.
Meilleure demande
Please send the latest [tracker/dashboard/scorecard] for [target name] for [period], plus the review notes, change log, and sign-off record showing what was updated, why it changed, who reviewed it, and who validated it. Use your team’s own terms and file names; I’ll map them for reporting and check the official source before sign-off.
Modèle d’e-mail formel
Subject: Request for target tracker and review evidence for [reporting period] Dear [name/team], I’m pulling together the reporting pack for [reporting period] and need the materials that show how [target / internal label] has been monitored and updated. Could you please share: - the latest tracker or dashboard extract for [period] - any notes or records showing how it was reviewed - details of any changes made to the target during the period, with the reason for each change - who reviewed or approved the changes, and in what forum or system that happened - any supporting evidence that shows the current status is based on a checked source Please use your team’s own wording and file names where possible. If you use different internal terms, that is fine — I can map them for reporting. A possible LRA training template is attached/outlined here; please adapt this to your organisation and check the official source before sign-off. Many thanks, [Your name] [Role] [Team]
Version courte pour Teams / Slack
Hi [name] — could you send over the latest [tracker/dashboard/scorecard] for [target name] plus any review notes, change log, and sign-off evidence for [period]? Please use your team’s own terms. I’ll map it for reporting and check the official source before sign-off. Thanks.
Exemples sectoriels
Manufacturing
Contexte. A plant-level energy reduction target is tracked in a monthly operations dashboard and reviewed in the site performance meeting.
Demande adaptée. Could you share the monthly energy target dashboard for [period], the meeting notes where it was reviewed, any changes to the target or baseline, the reason for each change, and the name of the person who signed it off? Please use the site’s own tracker names and meeting titles.
Exemple de réponse. Attached: Energy KPI dashboard extract, site performance meeting minutes, and approval email. The target was revised once after a meter correction; the change was reviewed by the plant manager and validated by the operations controller.
Financial services
Contexte. A financed-emissions reduction target is monitored through a quarterly ESG pack and discussed in a risk committee paper.
Demande adaptée. Please send the quarterly ESG pack for [period], the committee paper or minutes showing how the financed-emissions target was reviewed, any revisions made during the quarter, the reason for those revisions, and the approval trail. Use the internal pack name and committee title you normally use.
Exemple de réponse. Attached: Quarterly ESG pack, risk committee minutes, and a revision note. The target was updated after a portfolio boundary change; the change was reviewed by the sustainability lead and approved by the risk committee chair.
Rédigez votre information
Des notes qui transforment les données en information publiée
Modèles pédagogiques LRA — adaptez-les à votre organisation et vérifiez la source officielle avant validation.
Note méthodologique
Explain which measures were tracked, how each one was defined, what period it covers, and how any target updates and validation checks were carried out.
Note de contexte
Set out what the figures show about progress, target setting, and the reliability of the information, so readers can see how the numbers should be interpreted.
Déclaration sur les variations
Describe any notable shifts by linking them to the review findings, the reasons for changing targets, or the outcome of validation, and note whether the change reflects a data update or a real movement in performance.
Entrée de l’index de contenu
s2-34 Target governance and monitoring — [location / page] / [notes]Centre de téléchargement
Outils et formulaires de préparation
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Préparation à l’assurance
Pour chaque affirmation, vérifiez les preuves
| Affirmation | Risque | Preuves à vérifier |
|---|---|---|
| We used the coverage figure only for the operations and periods we had actually included in the underlying analysis, and we kept the basis for that inclusion consistent across the draft. | An assurer will probe whether the reported coverage is complete, whether exclusions were deliberate and consistently applied, and whether the same basis was used throughout the figure. | Boundary memo or methodology note; list of included and excluded sites/entities/periods; working papers showing how the coverage figure was calculated; version history showing the basis did not change without explanation. |
| We identified the measures we used to track movement towards each goal, and we kept supporting workings for how each measure was defined and updated. | An assurer will probe whether the chosen measures genuinely track progress, whether definitions are clear and stable, and whether the numbers can be traced back to source records. | Target-tracking schedule; metric definitions; source data extracts; calculation files; sign-off showing the measures were approved before publication. |
| Where a goal had been changed, we recorded the revised wording and kept a clear note of why the change was made. | An assurer will probe whether any change to a goal is fully disclosed, whether the reason is credible and specific, and whether the revised version matches internal approvals. | Change log for targets; board or management papers approving the change; redline or tracked-change versions; internal rationale note; publication draft showing the revised wording. |
| We set and rechecked the goals through our internal planning and review cycle, and we kept evidence of the steps used to challenge whether they still remained suitable. | An assurer will probe whether the process for setting and revisiting goals is real, documented, and followed in practice rather than described only at a high level. | Target-setting procedure; review calendar; meeting minutes; challenge notes; approval records; evidence of periodic reassessment and any resulting actions. |
| For any goal that had been updated, we retained the earlier version, the new version, and the explanation for the change so the history could be followed end to end. | An assurer will probe whether the revision trail is complete, whether the old and new versions are both available, and whether the stated reason matches the underlying decision record. | Archived prior target statements; current target wording; revision log; decision papers; correspondence or minutes explaining the update; publication draft showing the final version. |
| We stated whether an external party had checked the goal and the method behind it, and we kept the relevant assurance or validation papers on file. | An assurer will probe whether the external check actually happened, what exactly was reviewed, who performed it, and whether the published statement matches the evidence. | Third-party report or confirmation letter; scope statement; engagement letter; management representation; internal record of the validation status; publication wording on validation. |
Dossier de preuves à préparer
Lacunes fréquentes dans les rapports
The information is presented without a date or as-at point.
The scope or boundary of the statement is left undefined.
Key terms are used inconsistently across the report.
Material changes since the previous period are not disclosed.
Assertions are made without supporting detail or a source record.
Boilerplate is used that does not actually answer what is asked.
Lacunes fréquentes
Erreurs à éviter lors de la collecte des données
Wrong ownerThe request goes to a team that only sees part of the target process, so the answer misses the people who track changes, review performance, or approve validation.
Framework words instead of internal termsThe data request is written in reporting jargon, so the business cannot map it to its own tracker, committee pack, or approval log.
Scope left vagueNo one states which targets, business units, or reporting boundary are in scope, so different teams send different sets of records.
Wrong period basisThe team pulls information from the wrong reporting window or cut-off date, so the monitoring record does not match the period being reported.
Mixed counting basisSome figures are taken from one counting method and others from a different one, so the revision and review data cannot be compared cleanly.
Source labels lostThe original file names, tracker codes, or system tags are stripped out, so it is no longer clear where each monitoring metric or revision note came from.
Separate populations mergedRecords for different target types or approval routes are combined into one file, so the review process and validation status cannot be traced back properly.
Evidence trail missingThe pack is assembled without the supporting notes, version history, or sign-off record, so no one can show who checked the data or when.
Là où un jugement professionnel est souvent nécessaire
What counts as the live target set after a buy-in or saleUse the reporting cut-off to decide which business units sit inside the target set, explain any additions or removals from acquisitions or disposals, and keep the same basis when describing the monitoring figures and any later changes.
When local definitions do not match group definitionsIf countries track the same measure differently, choose one group-wide basis for the report, describe the local differences in plain language, and explain how you converted or aligned the figures.
Where a business line sits on the boundary of scopeSet out the rule used for borderline operations, workers, sites or assets that are partly in and partly out of the target, and disclose how you treated them so the monitoring view is not overstated or understated.
Choosing the timing point for the review cycleState whether the review, revision and validation narrative is based on month-end, quarter-end, year-end or another internal cut-off, and explain any timing mismatch between the monitoring data and the governance review.
Measured figures versus management estimatesIf some monitoring inputs are not directly measured, say which parts are estimated, describe the method used to fill the gaps, and flag any material judgement that could affect the trend or revision decision.
How to handle rounding in the monitoring summaryApply one rounding basis consistently across the target story, note any small differences caused by rounding, and make sure the rounded figures still reconcile to the underlying totals.
Aggregating sensitive workforce or customer dataWhere privacy rules prevent a detailed split, combine the data to a level that protects individuals, explain the aggregation rule, and disclose any limitation this creates for checking progress or validation.
Deciding whether a revised target is a reset or a refinementExplain whether a change is a full replacement of the earlier target or only a technical update to the same plan, and link that judgement to the reason for the change and the review process used.
Selecting the validator when more than one party is involvedIf internal and external checks both exist, name the party that gave the final validation view, describe the role of any other reviewer, and make clear which status you are reporting for the target.
Exemples
Exemples illustratifs
Synthétiques, rédigés par LRA — ils ne proviennent ni d’un rapport d’entreprise ni du texte d’une norme.
Illustrative (synthetic) example — Utilities
We reviewed our climate target pack this year after a quarterly check showed our emissions pathway was moving more slowly than planned, so we tightened the interim milestones and extended one measurement cycle to keep the end-date unchanged. The board’s sustainability committee and our internal assurance team both signed off the changes, and the revised target set is now marked as externally validated by an independent verifier.
- We track progress with monthly emissions intensity and absolute emissions checks, plus a quarterly forecast against the pathway.
- The update was prompted by slower-than-expected delivery in two operating units and a change in grid mix assumptions.
- The revised milestones were approved after management review, committee challenge, and a final assurance pass.
Illustrative only: shows how a reporter can explain what it watches, why a target was adjusted, how the change was reviewed, and who validated it, without naming the organisation.
Illustrative (synthetic) example — Consumer goods
Our group carried out a mid-year check on its water-use reduction goal and found that one plant upgrade had been delayed, so we reset the near-term milestones and kept the overall finish line in place. The operating committee reviewed the revised plan with the sustainability lead, and an external specialist later confirmed the updated target as fit for reporting.
- We monitor site-level water use, project delivery status, and the gap between actual performance and the planned route.
- The change was made because a supplier delay pushed back equipment installation and reduced the expected short-term savings.
- The new target wording and timing were reviewed internally before the independent check was completed and recorded.
Illustrative only: demonstrates a second plausible reporter using different wording, while still covering the same disclosure points in a narrative form.
Rapports d’entreprises
Comment les entreprises publient S2-34 en pratique
Exemples de pratiques de publication complètes et partielles. Ce sont des analyses fondées sur des preuves, non des modèles à recopier.
Aditya Birla Fashion and Retail Limited
Retailing · India · 2025
Aditya Birla Fashion and Retail Limited’s Integrated Annual Report 2024-25 includes a covered disclosure of the metrics used to monitor progress towards climate-related targets, specifically under the Natural Capital | Climate Strategy section on page 112. However, the report provides only unclear context regarding the review process for setting and monitoring these targets, as well as the validation status and validator of the targets, also referenced on page 112. Notably, there is no found evidence in the report about reasons for revising targets or any target revisions.
Yum China Holdings, Inc.
Hotels, Restaurants, Leisure, Tourism Services · China · 2025
Yum China Holdings, Inc.’s 2025 Sustainability Report includes information on the metrics used to monitor progress towards climate-related targets and describes the approach to setting and reviewing each target, as detailed on page 49. The report references the integration of climate-related risks and opportunities into the overall risk management process (p.48) and mentions industry-based metrics associated with business models (p.49). However, the report does not provide evidence on reasons for any target revisions, details of target revisions themselves, or the validation status and validator of the disclosed information.
Hyundai Engineering & Construction Co.,Ltd.
Construction and Engineering · South Korea · 2025
Hyundai Engineering & Construction Co., Ltd.’s 2025 Sustainability Report provides a covered disclosure of the metrics used to monitor progress towards climate-related targets on page 142. However, the report contains only unclear information regarding whether the targets have been revised or the reasons for any revisions, as seen on page 139. Additionally, there is no clear disclosure about the review process or the validation status and validator of the targets, with related context present but not explicitly detailed on pages 139 and 142.
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Essayez
Comment préparer s2-34 ?
Quelles données dois-je collecter ?
Où voir un exemple issu d’un rapport réel ?
Quelles erreurs éviter ?
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Vérifiez votre compréhension
Scénarios à travailler
A group has a climate target that the sustainability team tracks monthly using emissions intensity, delivery milestones, and capex alignment. The board pack also notes that the target was tightened after a new transition plan and that an external assurance provider checked the latest figures.
QWhat should the preparer include so readers can see how the target is watched, who checked it, and why it changed?
Afficher la réponse type →Masquer la réponse ↑
Set out the measures used to track progress, explain the review steps used to keep the target under watch, identify whether the target was changed and give the reason for that change, and state the validation position together with the person or firm that carried out the check. A possible LRA training template would be to adapt this to your organisation and check the source before sign-off.
Pourquoi c’est important · The disclosure should connect monitoring, review, revisions, and validation in one clear account.
A company’s target was revised twice in the year: once after a methodology update and once after a strategic reset. The team has minutes showing the approval route, but the draft report only says the target was updated.
QHow should the preparer handle the explanation so the change is understandable rather than just noted?
Afficher la réponse type →Masquer la réponse ↑
Describe the path used to assess and approve the target, then explain each revision and the reason behind it, rather than leaving the reader with a bare statement that the target changed. A possible LRA training template would be to adapt this to your organisation and check the source before sign-off.
Pourquoi c’est important · A revision needs context: the process and the trigger for change should both be visible.
An issuer uses a third-party verifier for its target data, but the verifier only reviewed the latest year and not the full target pathway. The sustainability team is unsure whether to mention the limited scope in the narrative.
QWhat is the right way to present the validation information?
Afficher la réponse type →Masquer la réponse ↑
State the validation status and name the validator, and make sure the description is not broader than what was actually checked. If the check covered only part of the target information, the narrative should not imply a wider review. A possible LRA training template would be to adapt this to your organisation and check the source before sign-off.
Pourquoi c’est important · Validation details should match the real scope of the check, not an assumed wider assurance.
A preparer has a dashboard showing target progress, but the board only receives it quarterly while management reviews it monthly. The draft disclosure currently mentions the dashboard but not the different review layers or the reason the target was adjusted after a risk assessment.
QWhat should be added so the governance story is complete?
Afficher la réponse type →Masquer la réponse ↑
Explain the review arrangement at both management and board level, identify the measures used to monitor progress, and describe any target change together with the reason for that change. A possible LRA training template would be to adapt this to your organisation and check the source before sign-off.
Pourquoi c’est important · Readers need to see how the target is monitored, how often it is reviewed, and why any change was made.
Références au référentiel
Exigences IFRS / ISSB applicables et informations connexes
Références disponibles du référentiel et informations voisines utiles à la préparation de cette exigence.
IFRS / ISSB
s2-34
au sein de IFRS S2 : Climate-related Disclosures
Connexes et exploration
Climate-related risks and opportunities → FicheIdentification inputs and industry topics → FicheObjective →Business model and value chain impact → FicheStrategy response and transition plan → Fiche
Parcourir toutes les informations →
Plus dans IFRS S2 → Parcourir le catalogue complet → Accueil de la Bibliothèque des informations → Rechercher dans toutes les informations →
FAQ
Questions auxquelles cette page répond
How do I use the s2-34 page to draft a climate-related disclosure from scratch?+−
Start with the plain-language explainer, then work through the step-by-step preparation section and the datapoints to prepare. The page also gives draft-output prompts, so you can turn the collected information into a first-pass narrative rather than starting from a blank page.
What data do I need to collect for s2-34 before I can write the disclosure?+−
The page points you to five datapoints: monitoring measures, why it changed, how it was checked, what was updated, and validation and checker. Use those as your data-collection checklist so you can gather the right inputs before drafting.
Who should own the s2-34 inputs in practice — ESG, HR, or a data owner?+−
The page is designed for practitioner use, so ownership should sit with the people who can supply and check the underlying data. Use the step-by-step preparation section and the evidence pack to assign each datapoint to a named owner and reviewer.
What should I include in the evidence pack for s2-34 to be assurance-ready?+−
The page includes an evidence pack with five items for assurance readiness, plus six assurance claims to verify. Use those together to build a file that shows what was checked, what changed, and who validated it.
How do I check whether my s2-34 disclosure is ready for assurance?+−
Use the six assurance claims on the page as a review list, then test each claim against the evidence pack. The page is set up to help you spot gaps before you hand the draft to an assurance reviewer.
What are the common mistakes people make when preparing s2-34?+−
The page lists common reporting gaps and mistakes, so it is useful as a pre-submission check. Review those gaps alongside the datapoints to prepare so you do not miss a required input or leave the narrative unsupported.
How do I use the workbook download for s2-34?+−
The Download Centre includes a Prep & Assurance workbook in .xlsx format and a printable Library Card in .pdf format. Use the workbook to organise the preparation, evidence, and assurance checks, and use the PDF as a quick reference while drafting.
What can I take from the synthetic example disclosures on the s2-34 page?+−
The page includes synthetic illustrative examples, including a quantitative table, to show how the disclosure can be presented. Treat them as drafting aids only and adapt the structure to your own data and evidence.
How do I turn the s2-34 data into a draft narrative and content-index line?+−
The draft-output section gives visualisation ideas, narrative starters, and a content-index line. Use those prompts to convert your checked data into a concise draft and a traceable index entry.
Can I reuse my s2-34 data for ESRS E1 (Climate Change) reporting?+−
The page notes ESRS E1 (Climate Change) as the closest correspondence, so the same underlying data may be reusable across frameworks. Do not assume the reporting needs are identical; use the page as a practical bridge, not a substitute for the other framework.
Where can I find real company examples for s2-34?+−
The page has a 'From company reports' table that links to real published reports at the pages where the topic is disclosed. Use those links to see how others have presented similar information in practice.
Autres questions auxquelles cette page peut aider
s2-34 IFRS S2 climate-related disclosures practical checklist for ESG managers2-34 what evidence do I need for assurance readinesss2-34 datapoints to prepare monitoring measures why it changed how it was checkeds2-34 how to assign ownership for disclosure inputss2-34 common reporting gaps and mistakes to avoids2-34 workbook download xlsx prep and assurances2-34 printable library card pdf downloads2-34 synthetic example disclosure quantitative tables2-34 draft output narrative starters content index lines2-34 from company reports real published exampless2-34 ESRS E1 climate change data reuses2-34 assurance claims claim risk evidence
Aller plus loin · s2-34
Apprenez à préparer cette information de bout en bout
This guide covers one requirement. The IFRS S1 & S2 Reporting course walks the full ISSB workflow — governance, strategy, risk management and metrics — with exercises on your own data.
Available as Guided Flex, Live Cohort, 1:1 Expert Mentorship or Corporate Programme.
Comment cette bibliothèque est construite
312 rapports publiés indexés
63 171 pages avec citations au niveau de la page
272 fiches disclosure conçues par des praticiens
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