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IFRS S2: Climate-related Disclosures·Paragraphs 29–a–iii

GHG measurement approach, inputs and assumptions

Guía práctica para preparar esta divulgación. Use esta ficha para identificar la información a preparar, verificar afirmaciones y organizar la evidencia de soporte. Para los requisitos exactos, consulte siempre la fuente oficial de IFRS.

Pasaporte publicado

Revisión pendiente
··· En revisión Revisión editorial en curso Elaborado a partir de fuentes oficiales y de evidencia de informes publicados. Todavía no consta ninguna persona aprobadora, por lo que esta página no lleva firma. Úsela junto con la fuente oficial de IFRS mientras dure esa revisión.

Norma

IFRS S2: Climate-related Disclosures

Paragraphs 29–a–iii · 2024

En vigor

2024-01-01

Fuente oficial: Abrir ↗

Última revisión

Material formativo de LRA · No emitido ni avalado por IFRS

Foco de la divulgación

This disclosure asks an organisation to explain the approach it uses to measure its greenhouse gas emissions, including the main inputs and assumptions behind those measurements. In practice, the focus is on showing how the numbers were built: what data was used, what estimation methods were applied, and where judgement or assumptions were needed to fill gaps or convert activity data into emissions figures.

The practical point is to make the measurement basis understandable and comparable, not just to present a final emissions total. An organisation should be clear about the scope of the approach across its operations, and whether the same method is used consistently or only for certain sites, business units or emission sources. The aim is to help users judge how robust and complete the reported emissions information is.

Este material formativo de LRA apoya la preparación de la divulgación. Para los requisitos exactos, consulte siempre la fuente oficial de IFRS.

Antes de empezar

Antes de empezar

Una breve lista de comprobación antes de preparar esta divulgación: marque cada punto a medida que lo resuelva.

Preparación

Información clave que preparar

Campo de preparación Qué recopilar Pista de evidencia Responsable
Year-on-year changes A clear note of what changed in the reported figure compared with the previous reporting year, including which parts of the calculation or coverage were updated. Prior-year submission, current-year working papers, and a change log showing the revised basis. Sustainability reporting / Finance
Boundary and consolidation basis The rule used to decide which entities, sites, or activities are included in the reported total, and how that inclusion rule is applied in practice. Group reporting policy, consolidation memo, organisational chart, and boundary mapping to the source data. Finance / Sustainability reporting
Calculation factors used The conversion or calculation factors applied to turn activity data into the reported result, including the source and version of each factor set. Factor library, supplier or database extracts, calculation workbook, and version control records. Sustainability reporting / Data analytics
Key inputs and assumptions The main source inputs, estimates, and judgement calls used in the calculation, with enough detail to show what was measured, estimated, or assumed. Source extracts, estimation notes, assumptions register, and calculation workbook comments. Sustainability reporting / Operational data owners
Drivers of change The specific operational or methodological reasons why the reported figure moved from the prior year, separated into real activity changes and calculation changes. Variance analysis, management commentary, and supporting operational records for the main drivers. Finance / Sustainability reporting
Scope 3 quality notes Any short note on the reliability of the value chain data where it matters, including known gaps, estimates, or weak source data that affect confidence in the result. Supplier data quality review, estimation log, gap analysis, and source-data assessment. Sustainability reporting / Supply chain
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Cómo prepararlo

Set the reporting boundary first. Confirm which entities, operations, and activities sit inside the calculation perimeter, and record the approach you used to draw that line so the same basis can be applied consistently.
Define what will count in the calculation. Agree the data items, methods, and any ordinary-language assumptions that will feed the result, including the emission factors you intend to use.
Gather the supporting evidence for each input. Keep source records for activity data, factor selections, assumptions, and any quality notes needed where supply-chain information is less robust.
Build the reported figures or narrative from the evidence. Make sure the final output reflects the chosen boundary, the selected factors, and the assumptions actually used in the calculation.
Explain any year-on-year movement. Note what changed compared with the previous period, why it changed, and whether the change affects the way the numbers should be read.
Check the draft against the source material before sign-off. Confirm the boundary approach, factor choices, assumptions, change explanations, and any relevant quality comments are all complete and consistent with the underlying records.

Solicitar los datos

Request the emissions calculation pack from the carbon accounting owner

Traduzca la divulgación a una pregunta de negocio interna y adáptela después al lenguaje propio de su organización.

What calculation approach, inputs, assumptions, and year-on-year changes were used to produce the greenhouse gas figures for this reporting period?

Use your organisation’s own names for the team, systems, and calculation packs first, then map them to the reporting disclosure. Keep the ask in everyday internal language rather than framework wording, and check the source material before sign-off.

Solicitud débil

Please provide the IFRS S2 GHG measurement approach, inputs and assumptions evidence for S2-29(a)(iii).

Por qué falla: It uses framework language that many operational teams will not recognise, so the owner may not know which files or calculations to send. It also does not point to the practical artefacts needed to explain the numbers, such as the boundary, factors, assumptions, and year-on-year changes.

Solicitud mejor

Please send the latest emissions calculation pack for [reporting period], including the boundary used, the source file or system extract, the factor set and version, the main inputs and assumptions, any changes since [prior period], and the reason for those changes. If you track indirect-emissions data quality, include those notes too.

Plantilla de correo formal
Subject: Request for the emissions calculation pack for [reporting period]\n\nHi [name/team],\n\nWe are preparing the sustainability reporting pack and need the calculation support behind the greenhouse gas figures for [reporting period].\n\nPlease send the latest version of your emissions calculation pack, including:\n- the boundary used for the inventory and any exclusions\n- the source file or system extract used to calculate the figures\n- the emission factor set and version/date\n- the main inputs and assumptions used in the calculations\n- any changes made since [prior period]\n- the reason for those changes\n- any notes on data quality for indirect emissions, where relevant\n\nIf it is easier, you can return this in your usual template or workbook. Please also include the period covered, the owner of the file, and the date it was last updated.\n\nThis is a possible LRA training template only; please adapt it to your organisation’s own terms and check the source material before sign-off.\n\nThanks,\n[preparer name]
Versión corta para Teams / Slack
Hi [name/team] — could you share the latest emissions calculation pack for [reporting period]? Please include the boundary, source file/system, factor set/version, key inputs and assumptions, any changes since [prior period], the reason for those changes, and any data-quality notes for indirect emissions if relevant. Use your usual format if easier. Thanks.

Ejemplos sectoriales

Manufacturing

Contexto. A plant-based group with fuel, electricity, refrigerants, and freight data held across site logs and a carbon workbook.

Solicitud adaptada. Please share the latest carbon workbook for [reporting period] covering the plant boundary, site list, fuel and power inputs, refrigerant assumptions, freight estimates, factor library version, and any changes since [prior period]. Include the reason for any restatements or methodology updates.

Ejemplo de respuesta. Attached: carbon workbook v4.2; boundary note; site list; factor library v2025.1; assumptions tab; change log showing one new warehouse added and one freight proxy replaced; reason: improved meter coverage and updated logistics data.

Financial services

Contexto. A services group with office energy, business travel, purchased goods, and supplier estimates managed by sustainability and finance.

Solicitud adaptada. Please send the emissions calculation pack for [reporting period] used for the office and travel inventory, including the group boundary, source extracts, factor set, assumptions for supplier and travel estimates, and any changes from [prior period]. Add notes on any indirect-emissions data gaps or proxies.

Ejemplo de respuesta. Attached: inventory model; boundary memo; travel extract; office energy file; factor register v3; assumptions log; change note showing a switch from estimated to booked travel data for one region; data-quality note: supplier spend-based estimates still used for one category.

Redacte su divulgación

Notas que convierten los datos en una divulgación

Plantillas formativas de LRA: adáptelas a su organización y consulte la fuente oficial antes de la aprobación.

Nota metodológica

Explain the basis used to prepare the figures, including how the reporting boundary was defined, which inputs and assumptions were applied, and what conversion factors were used.

Nota de contexto

Describe what the numbers represent in practice, including the effect of the chosen boundary, the main calculation inputs, and any quality limits that shape how the figures should be read.

Declaración sobre las variaciones

Set out the main reasons the figures changed from the previous year, distinguishing between real operational movement, changes in the reporting boundary, and updates to data or assumptions.

Entrada del índice de contenidos

s2-29-a-iii GHG measurement approach, inputs and assumptions — [location / page] / [notes]

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Gratis · Miembros de la Community

Preparación para el aseguramiento

Para cada afirmación, compruebe la evidencia

Afirmación Riesgos Evidencia que comprobar
We kept the coverage figure on the same basis as last year, and where we changed the basis we explained the effect clearly.Assurer may test whether the year-on-year comparison is genuinely like-for-like, or whether a basis change has been hidden in the narrative.Prior-year calculation file; current-year methodology note; reconciliation showing the effect of any basis change; draft-to-final review comments; sign-off confirming the comparison basis used.
We set out the practical method we used to build the figure, including the boundary we applied to the disclosed operations.Assurer may probe whether the reported perimeter matches the entity’s chosen reporting boundary and whether any exclusions were deliberate and consistent.Boundary memo; consolidation or operational control papers; list of included and excluded entities/sites; methodology paper; management approval of the boundary choice.
We explained why we used this approach, rather than another available method, for the disclosed figure.Assurer may challenge whether the chosen approach was selected for convenience or to improve the result, rather than because it was the most suitable basis.Method selection paper; options appraisal; internal emails or committee papers showing the rationale; approval records; consistency check against prior reporting decisions.
We described the data inputs and assumptions that fed into the calculation, so the reader can see what drove the result.Assurer may look for missing assumptions, undocumented estimates, or inputs that were applied inconsistently across parts of the calculation.Calculation workbook; assumption log; source data extracts; data dictionary; review notes showing each key input was traced and approved.
Where we changed the calculation basis, we explained what changed and why the update was made.Assurer may test whether the explanation is complete, whether the change was intentional, and whether it has been applied consistently across the reporting period.Change log; version history; revised methodology note; approval of the revised basis; comparison of old and new outputs showing the impact of the change.
For the supply-chain part of the figure, we noted the quality of the underlying data and how much came from detailed activity records or independently checked sources.Assurer may question whether lower-quality estimates were presented as stronger evidence, or whether the mix of data types was properly disclosed.Supplier data pack; activity-based input schedule; third-party verification statements where available; data quality assessment; summary of estimated versus directly sourced inputs.

Paquete de evidencia que preparar

Carencias habituales en los informes

The information is presented without a date or as-at point.
The scope or boundary of the statement is left undefined.
Key terms are used inconsistently across the report.
Material changes since the previous period are not disclosed.
Assertions are made without supporting detail or a source record.
Boilerplate is used that does not actually answer what is asked.

Carencias habituales

Errores que evitar al recopilar los datos

Wrong owner, wrong languageThe team asks a technical lead in framework terms instead of the person who actually runs the emissions data, so the answer comes back in the wrong business language and cannot be used cleanly.
Boundary left undefinedPeople start collecting figures before agreeing which parts of the business sit inside the reporting perimeter, so different teams pull different populations and the dataset cannot be reconciled.
Period basis not fixedOne team uses the latest month available while another uses the reporting year cut-off, so the inputs are built on different timing bases and do not line up.
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Dónde suele hacer falta juicio profesional

Acquisitions and disposals during the yearState whether you bring in or remove emissions from businesses bought or sold part-way through the period, and explain the cut-off date and any restatement used so the year-on-year comparison is understandable.
Different country definitions for the same activityIf local records classify the same fuel, site, or workforce group differently across countries, choose one organisation-wide basis, explain the mapping rule, and note where local data had to be translated.
People or sites close to the reporting lineFor assets, teams, or contractors that sit near your chosen boundary, explain the rule used to include or exclude them and why that rule gives the clearest picture of the business you are measuring.
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Ejemplos

Ejemplos ilustrativos

Sintéticos, redactados por LRA: no proceden del informe de ninguna empresa ni del texto de ninguna norma.

Illustrative (synthetic) example — manufacturing

We have kept the same group perimeter as last year, with one small plant added after acquisition and no other boundary changes, so the year-on-year movement is mainly operational rather than structural.
- For the current year, we used the same calculation methods across the group and applied location-based electricity factors from our market data provider, plus supplier-specific factors where we had them for purchased materials and freight.
- The main shift came from higher output at our two largest sites and a fuller set of supplier data for upstream transport; our scope 3 figures remain partly estimate-based for categories where supplier coverage is still incomplete, so those numbers are less precise than our direct emissions data.

This example shows how to explain a stable reporting perimeter, the main drivers of movement, the factor sources used, the assumptions behind the numbers, and where indirect-emissions data still relies on estimates.

Illustrative (synthetic) example — retail

Our reporting boundary stayed unchanged this year and continues to follow the stores, warehouses and central functions we control, with franchise activity left outside the group totals.
- Compared with the prior period, the rise in our footprint was driven mainly by more customer deliveries and a larger electricity load in distribution centres; we used the same grid factors as last year, together with supplier data for leased vehicles where available.
- For indirect categories, we relied on spend-based estimates for a few upstream items and on activity data for logistics and waste; those areas are the least mature in our dataset, so we flag them as lower-quality inputs and expect future revisions as supplier coverage improves.

This example shows how to describe an unchanged boundary, explain the main reasons for movement, identify the factor set and input types used, and note where indirect-emissions data is still less robust.

Informes de empresas

Cómo informan las empresas sobre S2-29-a-iii en la práctica

Ejemplos de práctica de reporte completa y parcial. Son análisis basados en evidencia, no plantillas exactas para copiar.

Informes reales publicados
SITC International Holdings Company Limited
Water Transportation · Hong Kong · 2025
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SITC International Holdings Company Limited’s 2025 Environmental, Social and Governance Report covers its consolidation operational boundary approach for emissions, specifying an operational control methodology for Scope 1 emissions on page 76. The report also provides information on changes to measurement approaches, inputs, and assumptions during the reporting period on page 196. However, the report lacks clear disclosures on changes versus the prior year, reasons for changes, and scope 3 data quality notes, with emission factors discussed only unclearly on page 196.
ANZ Group Holdings
None · Australia · 2025
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ANZ Group Holdings’ 2025 Climate Report provides clear coverage of its consolidation operational boundary approach, stating on page 65 that where data is unavailable, the operational control approach is used for in-scope lending and capital markets. The report also details the use of the most current emission factors for reporting, as noted on page 79. However, disclosures on changes versus the prior year (p.54), inputs and assumptions, reasons for changes, and scope 3 data quality notes (p.57) are either unclear or not found in the report.
Aditya Birla Fashion and Retail Limited
Retailing · India · 2025
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Aditya Birla Fashion and Retail Limited’s Integrated Annual Report 2024-25 provides coverage on changes made to the measurement approach, inputs, and assumptions during the reporting period, including some reasons for those changes (p.112). However, the report does not clearly disclose changes versus the prior year or reasons for changes in detail, and there is no clear information on the consolidation operational boundary approach or scope 3 data quality notes. Additionally, emission factors are mentioned with related context but lack a clear, explicit disclosure (p.111).

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Escenarios para trabajar

A group has changed from using a market-based electricity factor to a location-based one for part of its footprint, and the emissions team also updated the boundary to include a newly controlled subsidiary from 1 July. The draft note currently says the numbers moved because of 'method updates' but does not separate the effects.

PHow should the team decide what to explain so a reader can see what changed in the current period and why the figures moved?
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A preparer has used a mix of supplier-specific activity data, spend-based estimates, and default factors for purchased goods and freight. The working papers are complete, but the draft disclosure only lists the final tonnes and does not explain the main data sources or the assumptions behind the estimates.

PWhat should be included in the narrative so the basis of the calculation is understandable to a reader?
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A company has changed its emissions factor set during the year because it moved to a newer database for stationary fuel and refrigerants. The draft note mentions the new database name, but it does not say whether the change affected the current-year result or whether the prior-year figure was restated.

PHow should the team handle the explanation of the factor change and its effect on comparability?
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For Scope 3, the team has estimated several categories using secondary data because supplier data were incomplete. The draft disclosure says only that 'data quality is acceptable', even though some categories rely on broad industry averages and others on more specific shipment records.

PWhat judgement should the preparer make about the level of detail to give on data quality for these indirect emissions estimates?
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Referencias del marco

Requisitos aplicables de IFRS / ISSB y divulgaciones relacionadas

Referencias disponibles del marco y divulgaciones cercanas relevantes para preparar este requisito.

IFRS / ISSB

s2-29-a-iii

dentro de IFRS S2: Climate-related Disclosures

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Preguntas frecuentes

Preguntas que responde esta página

How do I prepare disclosure s2-29-a-iii in practice using this page?+
What data do I need to collect for s2-29-a-iii before I draft the disclosure?+
How should I set the boundary and consolidation basis for s2-29-a-iii?+
What methodology details should I record for s2-29-a-iii calculations?+
Who should own the data for s2-29-a-iii in my organisation?+
What should go into the evidence pack for s2-29-a-iii assurance readiness?+
What are the common mistakes to avoid when drafting s2-29-a-iii?+
How do I use the workbook and printable library card for s2-29-a-iii?+
Can I use the synthetic example on the s2-29-a-iii page as a template for my own disclosure?+
How does the ESRS E1 correspondence help me with s2-29-a-iii?+

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Profundizar · s2-29-a-iii

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