Disclosure focus
This asks an organisation to explain how it has set the boundary for its greenhouse gas reporting and to break that boundary down in a way that makes the coverage clear. In practice, the focus is on showing whether the figures relate to the whole organisation, only certain parts of it, or a mix of locations, activities or entities, so readers can see what is included and what is not.
It also asks for the details needed to understand Scope 2 reporting within that boundary. The practical point is to make the reported Scope 2 information traceable to the parts of the business it covers, rather than leaving users to assume it applies across all operations or only selected sites.
This LRA educational guidance supports disclosure preparation. For the exact requirements, always refer to the official IFRS source.
Before you start
A quick mental checklist before you prepare this disclosure — tick each as you settle it.
Preparation
Key datapoints to prepare
＋ Show s2-29-a-iv-v sub-elements (LRA working checklist)
Set out which entities, operations, and activities are included in the reporting boundary, and explain any exclusions or limits used.
Report emissions for the group on a consolidated basis, using the same organisational scope applied in the accounts.
Explain any contractual arrangements or market-based factors used to determine the emissions figure.
Report the electricity-related emissions figure based on the grid or local supply mix where the energy is used.
Include emissions linked to other investees where those are relevant to the disclosure.
How to prepare it
1Set the reporting boundary first. Make clear which parts of the business are included in the emissions view, and explain that choice in plain language so a reader can see what sits inside and outside the reporting perimeter.
2Confirm the group emissions basis you are using. Gather the source records that support the consolidated figure, and make sure the underlying period and entity coverage are consistent with the number you will report.
3Separate any market-linked electricity treatment from the location-based view. Keep the supporting contracts, allocation logic, and calculation files together so the basis used for each approach can be traced without ambiguity.
4Collect the evidence for the location-based Scope 2 figure. Retain the activity data, emission factors, and working papers needed to show how the number was built, even where the final output is presented as a narrative rather than a table.
5Prepare the other-investee emissions figure and its support. Check that the amount is stated in tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent, and keep the calculation trail, assumptions, and source documents that justify the result.
6Before sign-off, review the draft against the official source and note any exclusions, restatements, or boundary changes. Make sure the final wording matches the evidence on file and that any departures from prior reporting are clearly explained.
Request the data
Request the emissions boundary and Scope 2 detail pack
Translate the disclosure into an internal business question — then adapt it to your organisation's own language.
Can you provide the boundary note and the supporting emissions figures needed to explain which parts of the group are included, how the electricity-related emissions are treated, and what other investee emissions are in scope for the reporting period?
Use your organisation’s own terms first, then map them to the reporting labels. For example, if you talk about the group perimeter, energy reporting, portfolio holdings, or market-based electricity, keep those internal terms in the request and only translate them at the end for reporting review. This is a possible LRA training template; adapt this to your organisation and check the official source before sign-off.
Weak request
Please provide the IFRS S2 boundary disaggregation and Scope 2 details for the disclosure.
Why it fails: This uses framework language only, so the owner has to guess what internal records are needed. It does not say which systems, figures, or explanatory notes to pull, and it gives no clue about the organisation’s own perimeter, electricity, or investee terminology.
Better request
Please send the group perimeter note, the consolidated emissions figure, the electricity accounting context, the location-based electricity emissions number, and any other investee emissions for [period], with source file, assumptions, and reviewer. Use your internal terms first, then we will map them for reporting review.
Industry examples
Draft your disclosure
Notes that turn data into a disclosure
LRA training templates — adapt them to your organisation, and check the official source before sign-off.
Method note
Set out how the reporting boundary was drawn, including which parts of the business and which holdings were brought into the calculation, and explain the basis used for each emissions measure.
Context note
Explain what each figure is intended to show: the group total on the chosen boundary, the electricity-related result under the local-grid approach, the contract-adjusted view, and any emissions linked to investments or other holdings.
Fluctuation statement
If any measure moved materially, describe whether the change came from real operational shifts, changes in the reporting boundary, or the use of different electricity-accounting inputs.
Content index entry
s2-29-a-iv-v GHG boundary disaggregation and Scope 2 details — [location / page] / [notes]
Download Centre
Preparation tools & forms
Professional preparation tools for s2-29-a-iv-v — free with an LRA Community membership. Register once (it's free) and every download unlocks, together with the Disclosure Library, templates and the LRA AI-assistant.
Free · Community members
Assurance readiness
For each claim, check the evidence
Evidence pack to prepare
Common reporting gaps
Figures are stated without the supporting narrative, or narrative without figures.Scope is inconsistent between the text and the numbers.The reporting boundary is left undefined.Material changes since the previous period are not disclosed.Estimates and measured values are not distinguished.Source records for the figures are not identified.
Common gaps
Mistakes to avoid when collecting the data
Wrong owner
The request goes to the sustainability team alone, so finance, energy, and investment staff never confirm the figures from their own records.
Framework language used too early
People ask for the data using disclosure labels instead of the organisation’s everyday terms, and the right source team does not recognise what is being requested.
Boundary not fixed
The team starts collecting numbers before agreeing which parts of the group and which holdings sit inside the reporting perimeter, so the set of figures changes mid-stream.
Wrong period basis
One source sends a calendar-year extract while another uses the reporting cut-off date, leaving the pack built on different timing bases.
Counting basis mixed
Market-priced electricity figures are filed alongside grid-average values without separating them, so the location view and the contract-based view become blurred.
Source labels stripped out
During consolidation, the original tags from utility bills, broker statements, and investee schedules are removed, making it hard to trace where each number came from.
Populations merged
Emissions from the main group, the contract-backed electricity view, and investee holdings are rolled into one table even though they need separate treatment.
Evidence details missing
The file contains totals but not the supporting dates, document names, or version notes, so no one can tell which source each figure came from.
No sign-off trail
The draft moves forward without named review and approval from the data owners, so there is no clear record that the inputs were checked before use.
Where judgement is often needed
Acquisition or disposal during the year
Choose a clear cut-off date for bringing in or removing emissions from bought or sold operations, then explain whether the figures reflect the position at period end or a time-weighted view.
Different country reporting rules inside the group
Where local reporting practices differ, use one group-wide approach for the boundary note and say how any country-level differences were aligned or translated.
Entities close to the boundary
For joint ventures, associates, managed assets or other borderline holdings, state the inclusion rule you used and explain why those emissions sit inside or outside the group view.
Market contracts versus grid-average electricity
If electricity is backed by contracts in some places but not others, describe which sites use contract-backed treatment and which rely on the local grid mix, with the reason for the split.
Measured data versus estimates
When actual readings are missing, set out where estimates were used, how they were derived, and whether later true-up data will change the reported split.
Different timing bases across data sources
If some emissions are captured on a calendar-year basis and others on a different operational cycle, explain the conversion or alignment method used before grouping the numbers.
Rounding and small residuals
State the rounding rule applied to each subtotal and the total, and note any small differences that arise so readers can reconcile the parts to the whole.
Privacy limits on small-population disclosure
If a very small site, team or country would make individuals identifiable, aggregate the figures to a safer level and say that the grouping was done for privacy reasons.
Investee emissions with partial or mixed data
For emissions from other holdings where coverage is incomplete, disclose the basis for combining reported and estimated amounts and make clear the share that is directly supported by source data.
Examples
Illustrative examples
Synthetic, written by LRA — not from a company report, not text from any standard.
Illustrative (synthetic) example — Electricity generation
We describe the reporting perimeter used for our climate metrics by showing which entities sit inside our group reporting boundary and which holdings are left outside it. For this example, our consolidated group covers 100,000 tCO2e of Scope 2 emissions on a location-based view and 92,000 tCO2e on a market-based view, with the gap reflecting our use of electricity contracts and certificates. - Our share of emissions from investees that we account for outside the group boundary is 18,000 tCO2e, shown separately so readers can see the effect of those holdings on the wider footprint. - In this illustration, the market-based figure is lower than the location-based figure because contractual electricity arrangements reduce the amount we report under the market view.
This example shows how to explain the reporting boundary, the group total, the two ways of viewing purchased electricity emissions, and emissions from holdings outside the consolidation boundary.
Illustrative (synthetic) example — Food manufacturing
We set out the scope of our climate reporting by explaining which operations are included in our group figures and which investments are kept outside that perimeter. For this example, our consolidated group records 54,000 tCO2e using the local-grid method and 49,500 tCO2e using the contract-adjusted method, with the difference arising from electricity supply agreements. - The emissions linked to investees that are not brought into the group total amount to 6,500 tCO2e, presented separately to show the wider exposure from those interests. - This split helps readers compare the physical electricity footprint with the figure that reflects our contractual electricity position.
This example shows the same disclosure points in a different sector, using a different set of internally consistent figures and wording.
How companies report S2-29-a-iv-v in practice
Real reports where this topic is disclosed. These are report practice, not exact disclosure templates to copy.
Hang Lung Properties Limited
Real Estate · Hong Kong · 2025
Hang Lung Properties Limited’s Sustainability Report 2025 provides a narrative explaining the reporting boundaries and the process used to identify them (p.181) and discloses absolute Scope 1, Scope 2, and Scope 3 emissions values (p.151). The report also references greenhouse gas emissions targets covering Scopes 1, 2, and 3 (p.199). However, the report does not include clear disclosure of location-based Scope 2 emissions (p.230) and lacks information on emissions from other investees or contractual instruments in a market-based context.
Iberdrola, S.A.
Electric Utilities / IPP / Energy Traders · Spain · 2025
Iberdrola’s 2025 Sustainability Report provides detailed data on location-based Scope 2 greenhouse gas emissions, including retrospective milestones and target years (p.48). The report also includes information on Scope 1 and Scope 3 gross emissions, with verification of the Group’s emissions inventory noted (pp.46-49). However, there is no clear evidence regarding the boundary narrative, consolidated group emissions, contractual instruments in the market-based context, or emissions from other investees.
Abu Dhabi Commercial Bank (ADCB)
None · United Arab Emirates · 2024
Abu Dhabi Commercial Bank’s 2024 ESG Report provides clear disclosure of its absolute gross Scope 1 and Scope 2 greenhouse gas emissions on page 135, with additional context on Scope 3 emissions also mentioned there. The report discusses the boundary of emissions, indicating on page 99 that it includes activities for which the bank is responsible but excludes certain operational emissions. However, the report lacks clear disclosures on consolidated group emissions, contractual instruments market-based context, location-based Scope 2 emissions, and other investee emissions, with these datapoints either missing or unclear.
✓ LRA AI Assistant · Human-in-the-loop
Ask Study Studio AI assistant about this disclosure
Get practical answers for your reporting context. Your first two answers are free — join LRA Community for free to continue without a limit.
TryHow do I prepare s2-29-a-iv-v?What data do I need to collect?Where can I see a real-report example?What mistakes should I avoid?
2 free answers
Check your understanding
Scenarios to work through
A group prepares its climate note on a consolidated basis, but one subsidiary is held for sale and is excluded from the group totals used elsewhere in the report. The team is unsure whether the boundary note should explain that exclusion and how it affects the emissions figures shown.
QShould the boundary narrative make clear which entities sit inside the emissions boundary used for this disclosure, and how that differs from the wider group reporting basis?
Reveal model answer →Hide answer ↑Yes. The narrative should explain the perimeter used for the emissions figures in this disclosure and flag any difference from the broader consolidation basis, so readers can see why the numbers may not match other group totals.
Why this matters · The boundary explanation should let a reader understand exactly which parts of the business are included in the emissions view being reported.
A preparer has both a supplier-backed electricity certificate programme and a separate utility tariff arrangement. They have a market-based Scope 2 figure ready, but the working papers do not yet explain what instruments sit behind it or how they affect the result.
QWhat should the team do before sign-off so the market-based electricity figure is understandable?
Reveal model answer →Hide answer ↑They should add a plain-language explanation of the arrangements or instruments used to support the market-based electricity figure, so the basis for that number is transparent and traceable.
Why this matters · If a market-based electricity number is shown, the supporting arrangements need to be described in a way that explains how the figure was built.
A company reports a market-based electricity number for its offices and warehouses, but the sustainability team only has a single combined electricity total from the utility bills. They are unsure whether they also need a figure based on the grid mix where the sites are located.
QDo they need to present the electricity emissions figure based on the local grid context as well as the market-based one?
Reveal model answer →Hide answer ↑Yes. If the disclosure includes a market-based electricity view, it also needs the electricity emissions figure based on the local grid context, so users can compare the two approaches.
Why this matters · Where a market-based electricity view is given, the local-grid version should also be shown for the same reporting period.
An investment holding company has a small portfolio of associates and joint ventures. Its climate team has calculated 18,400 tCO2e from those other investees, but the draft note only says the amount is included in the total and does not separate it out.
QShould the preparer present the emissions from those other investees as a distinct figure, and if so in what form?
Reveal model answer →Hide answer ↑Yes. The emissions linked to those other investees should be shown separately as a numeric amount, using the same emissions unit as the rest of the disclosure, so the contribution is visible on its own.
Why this matters · Emissions from investees outside the core group should be disclosed as a separate quantified item, not left buried inside a combined total.
Framework references
Related framework references
How this disclosure maps across the major reporting frameworks.
Primary
Related & explore
FAQ
Questions this page answers
For s2-29-a-iv-v, what data do I need to gather before I start drafting the disclosure?+−
The page says to prepare five datapoints: a boundary explanation, group emissions total, market-based electricity context, grid electricity emissions, and other investee emissions. Use those as the starting checklist before you draft anything.
How do I use the s2-29-a-iv-v step-by-step preparation section in practice?+−
Use it as a working sequence for collecting the required inputs, checking the boundary, and then turning the information into a draft. The page is set up to help you move from raw data to a disclosure-ready narrative.
What should I include in the boundary explanation for s2-29-a-iv-v?+−
The page flags boundary explanation as one of the datapoints to prepare, so you should be ready to explain the scope used for the disclosure. Keep the explanation aligned to the data you are reporting and the evidence you can show.
Who should own the s2-29-a-iv-v data collection and sign-off in my team?+−
The page is designed for sustainability/ESG managers, HR or data owners, and assurance reviewers, so ownership should sit with the people who can source, explain, and evidence the datapoints. The workbook and evidence pack are there to help you assign and track that work.
What evidence pack do I need to make s2-29-a-iv-v assurance-ready?+−
The page includes an evidence pack with five items for assurance readiness. Use it to assemble the supporting material behind the boundary explanation, emissions figures, and any context you include.
What are the six assurance claims I should check for s2-29-a-iv-v?+−
The page says there are six assurance claims to verify, each with a claim, risk, and evidence angle. Use them as a checklist to test whether your draft is supported and whether the evidence pack is complete.
What are the common reporting gaps or mistakes on the s2-29-a-iv-v page?+−
The page lists common reporting gaps and mistakes so you can spot weak points before you finalise the disclosure. It is useful for checking whether your boundary, emissions data, and supporting narrative line up.
How can I use the s2-29-a-iv-v workbook download to build the disclosure draft?+−
The Download Centre includes a Prep & Assurance workbook in .xlsx format, which is intended to help you organise the preparation and assurance work. Use it alongside the page’s draft-output section to turn the inputs into a first draft.
What can I take from the s2-29-a-iv-v printable Library Card PDF?+−
The Download Centre includes a printable Library Card in .pdf format, which is a quick reference for the page content. It is useful if you want a compact checklist while you are gathering data or reviewing a draft.
Does the s2-29-a-iv-v page show an example disclosure I can copy into my draft?+−
It includes synthetic illustrative example disclosures, including a quantitative table where relevant. Treat them as examples of how to present the information, not as real company data.
How do I turn the s2-29-a-iv-v page into a draft narrative and content-index line?+−
The draft-output section gives visualisation ideas, narrative starters, and a content-index line. Use those prompts to shape the wording and structure of your first draft once the data is assembled.
Can I reuse the data I prepare for s2-29-a-iv-v for ESRS E1 (Climate Change)?+−
The page says ESRS E1 (Climate Change) is the closest correspondence, so the data may be reusable across frameworks. It does not say the requirements are identical, so you should still check the other framework’s own disclosure needs.
More questions this page can help with
What is the plain-language explanation of s2-29-a-iv-v on this page?Which datapoints are specifically listed for s2-29-a-iv-v?What does the page mean by market-based electricity context for s2-29-a-iv-v?What is the difference between grid electricity emissions and other investee emissions in the s2-29-a-iv-v prep list?How do I use the evidence pack items to support s2-29-a-iv-v assurance?What should I check in the claim/risk/evidence table before sending s2-29-a-iv-v for review?Which common mistakes does the page warn about for s2-29-a-iv-v drafting?How do the synthetic example disclosures on s2-29-a-iv-v help with formatting?Where do I find the real company report links for s2-29-a-iv-v examples?How should I use the visualisation ideas on the s2-29-a-iv-v page?What is included in the Prep & Assurance workbook for s2-29-a-iv-v?What is the content-index line suggested for s2-29-a-iv-v?
How this library is built
312 published reports indexed
63171 pages with page-level citations
247 practitioner guides
Free · LRA Community
Get your s2-29-a-iv-v tools — free
Your preparation tools are free for LRA Community members and students. Register once (it's free) and your download starts right away — plus the Disclosure Library, templates and the LRA AI-assistant.
✓
You're in — your download is starting
Your file is downloading now. Your Community Cabinet — with the Disclosure Library, templates and the LRA AI-assistant — is ready too.
Open your Cabinet →