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IFRS S1: General Requirements for Disclosure of Sustainability-related Financial Information · 2024
Paragraphs 44–b

Processes for sustainability-related opportunities

Practical guidance for preparing this disclosure. Use this card to identify the information to prepare, verify claims and organise supporting evidence. For exact requirements, always refer to the official IFRS source.

Under review Editorial review in progress Prepared from official source material and published report evidence Use alongside the official IFRS source while human review is in progress.
To prepare this disclosure
Disclosure focus

This disclosure asks an organisation to explain the processes it uses to identify, assess and manage sustainability-related opportunities. In practice, that means describing how opportunity-related information is gathered, who is involved, how decisions are made, and how those processes are embedded in the organisation’s wider management approach.

The practical focus is on whether those processes cover the organisation as a whole, rather than only a few well-known sites, business units or projects. A useful explanation would show the scope of coverage, how consistently the process is applied across operations, and whether it is used to spot opportunities that could affect strategy, performance or future plans.

This LRA educational guidance supports disclosure preparation. For the exact requirements, always refer to the official IFRS source.

Before you start

A quick mental checklist before you prepare this disclosure — tick each as you settle it.

Preparation

Key information to prepare

Preparation field What to capture Evidence hint Owner
Prioritisation criteria The factors and rules used to judge which matters are more important and should be dealt with first, including how those factors are applied in practice. Documented assessment method, scoring or ranking notes, and the latest prioritisation output. Sustainability / risk management
Core information sources The main internal and external inputs relied on to build the disclosure, with enough detail to show where each key figure or statement came from. Source register, system extracts, working papers, and links to the underlying reports or datasets. Finance / data owners
Tracking method How performance or progress is followed over time, including the checks, cadence, and process used to review the information and spot changes. Monitoring plan, review schedule, control logs, and sample management reports or dashboards. Sustainability reporting / internal control
Opportunity spotting process How the organisation identifies possible upside areas, including who looks for them, what inputs are reviewed, and how ideas are screened or selected. Process note, workshop records, pipeline or register of opportunities, and decision records. Strategy / sustainability
Value chain boundary Whether the reported scope includes the organisation alone or extends to parts of its wider upstream and downstream chain, as defined for this disclosure. Boundary memo, scope decision paper, and the reporting map showing which parts of the chain are included. Sustainability reporting / legal / procurement
+ Show s1-44-b sub-elements (LRA working checklist)

How to prepare it

1Set the boundary first: decide which parts of the business and which upstream or downstream activities you are covering, and record that scope clearly.
2Define the practical rules you used to sort and rank matters, so someone else can see how you judged what mattered most.
3List the main information inputs behind the disclosure, including the records, systems, reports, and other sources you relied on.
4Describe how you keep track of the relevant matters over time, including the method used to watch for changes and updates.
5Explain how you spot possible upside as well as downside, and show the process you used to identify opportunities.
6Before finalising, check the wording and scope against the official source, and note any exclusions, assumptions, or changes in approach so the basis is transparent.
Request the data

Request the process evidence for opportunity spotting and tracking

Translate the disclosure into an internal business question — then adapt it to your organisation's own language.

How does the business identify, assess, prioritise and monitor sustainability-linked opportunities, and what sources and scope does it use?

Use your organisation’s own terms first, then map them to the disclosure. For example, if your teams talk about growth themes, pipeline, watchlists, horizon scanning or value-chain coverage, use those labels in the request and only translate them afterwards for reporting. This is a training template; adapt it to your organisation and check the source text before sign-off.

Weak request

Please provide the sustainability opportunity process information for the disclosure.

Why it fails: It uses framework language, does not say which internal process details are needed, and gives no clues on the team’s own terminology, scope, sources or evidence format. That makes it hard for the owner to respond with usable material.

Better request

Please send your team’s current process note or tracker showing how you identify, rank and monitor growth or resilience opportunities, including the criteria used, the main files or systems you rely on, how often it is reviewed, and whether it covers only our own sites or also suppliers and customers. Use your normal internal labels, and I’ll map them for reporting.

Formal email template
Subject: Request for opportunity-process evidence for [reporting period]

Hi [name/team],

I’m pulling together the sustainability reporting pack and need your help with the process evidence for how we spot, assess, rank and track sustainability-linked opportunities.

Please send, for [reporting period]:
- a short description of the process in your own team language
- the criteria used to rank or filter opportunities
- the main data sources or trackers relied on
- how the process is monitored or reviewed
- the part of the business and value chain covered
- any supporting files, links or screenshots that show the process in use

If you use different internal terms, please keep those terms in your response and I’ll map them for reporting.

Please include the owner, date, version and any review/approval details for the evidence.

Thanks,
[preparer name]
Short Teams / Slack version
Hi [name] — could you share the evidence for how your team spots, ranks and tracks sustainability-related opportunities for [reporting period]? Please include the criteria, main data sources, monitoring cadence, scope covered and any supporting files. Use your team’s own terms if that’s easier — I’ll map them for the report. Thanks, [preparer name]
Industry examples
Manufacturing

Context. The business tracks efficiency gains, product redesign ideas and supplier-led resilience opportunities through an operations improvement log.

Adapted request. Please share the current improvement log and process note showing how the team spots, ranks and reviews opportunities such as energy savings, waste reduction, process redesign and supply continuity. Include the ranking criteria, the main trackers used, review cadence and whether the log covers plants only or also suppliers.

Example response. Attached: Operations improvement log v4; monthly review deck; criteria sheet. Scope: 12 plants plus tier-1 suppliers for critical materials. Ranking uses cost, implementation effort, operational risk reduction and delivery timing.

Financial services

Context. The firm monitors product, client and market opportunities through a commercial pipeline and a risk-and-opportunity register.

Adapted request. Please provide the pipeline note and register extract showing how the team identifies, filters and monitors opportunities linked to client demand, product development and market positioning. Include the criteria used, the main data feeds, review cadence and whether the scope includes clients, counterparties and outsourced service providers.

Example response. Attached: Commercial opportunity register; quarterly committee paper; data feed list. Scope: retail and corporate products, plus key outsourced service providers. Ranking uses revenue potential, customer demand, regulatory fit and delivery capacity.

Draft your disclosure

Notes that turn data into a disclosure

LRA training templates — adapt them to your organisation, and check the official source before sign-off.

Method note

Set out the practical basis for the assessment by explaining the scope chosen, the data inputs relied on, the way issues or opportunities were ranked, and how the review was monitored.

Context note

Explain what the figures mean in business terms, including which parts of the value chain were covered, what sources informed the assessment, and how the process was used to identify and prioritise opportunities.

Fluctuation statement

If the numbers changed from one period to the next, point to any shift in scope, data availability, review method, or prioritisation approach that would reasonably account for the movement.

Content index entry
s1-44-b Processes for sustainability-related opportunities — [location / page] / [notes]
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Preparation tools & forms

Professional preparation tools for s1-44-b — free with an LRA Community membership. Register once (it's free) and every download unlocks, together with the Disclosure Library, templates and the LRA AI Assistant.

Free · Community members
Go deeper · s1-44-b
Learn to prepare this disclosure end-to-end

This guide covers one requirement. The IFRS S1 & S2 Reporting course walks the full ISSB workflow — governance, strategy, risk management and metrics — with exercises on your own data.

Available as Guided Flex, Live Cohort, 1:1 Expert Mentorship or Corporate Programme.

Assurance readiness

For each claim, check the evidence

ClaimRiskEvidence to check
We used a documented set of screening and ranking rules to decide which opportunities were included and which were left out.The assurer will check whether the selection rules were applied consistently, or whether items were cherry-picked to support a preferred story.Approved methodology note; scoring or ranking template; working papers showing how candidate items were assessed; version history of the criteria; sign-off on the final selection.
We based the figure on named source systems and records, and we can show which parts of the wider value chain were in and out of scope.The assurer will probe whether the source set was complete, whether the scope boundary was clear, and whether exclusions were justified and consistently applied.Data source register; system extracts; boundary memo; list of included and excluded entities, sites, activities or suppliers; reconciliation between source records and the reported figure.
We have a repeatable process for tracking the disclosed opportunities over time, so changes can be picked up and explained.The assurer will test whether monitoring is actually operating, whether it is frequent enough for the reporting period, and whether changes are captured before publication.Monitoring calendar; periodic review reports; exception logs; change-control records; evidence of follow-up on new, removed or reclassified items.
We identified the opportunities through a structured review rather than ad hoc judgement, using the same approach across the reporting population.The assurer will look for bias, inconsistent application across business units, and gaps where relevant opportunities may have been missed.Process description; workshop notes or interview records; screening outputs; population lists used in the review; evidence that the same method was applied across units or segments.
We limited the analysis to the parts of the value chain that were relevant to the figure, and we can explain why those boundaries were chosen.The assurer will examine whether the boundary was set to avoid difficult areas, whether upstream or downstream parts were omitted without reason, and whether the stated scope matches the evidence base.Boundary rationale; value-chain map; inclusion/exclusion list; contracts or supplier/customer data where relevant; cross-check between the stated scope and the underlying datasets.

Evidence pack to prepare

Common reporting gaps

The information is presented without a date or as-at point.The scope or boundary of the statement is left undefined.Key terms are used inconsistently across the report.Material changes since the previous period are not disclosed.Assertions are made without supporting detail or a source record.Boilerplate is used that does not actually answer what is asked.
Common gaps

Mistakes to avoid when collecting the data

Wrong owner, wrong language
The request goes to a team that does not run the process, and it is framed in framework terms instead of the organisation’s own operational language.
Scope left undefined
People collect a description without first agreeing which business units, activities, or parts of the value chain are in scope.
Boundary not pinned down
The team mixes together in-house operations and external parts of the chain without stating where the process starts and stops.
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Where judgement is often needed

Acquisitions and disposals during the year
Set out whether newly bought or sold businesses were included in the review period, and explain any cut-off date used so readers can see how the process changed across the year.
Different local labels for the same issue
Where country teams use different names or definitions for the same opportunity theme, explain the mapping you used and disclose the basis for grouping them into one internal process.
Borderline activities near the chosen scope
State how you treated activities, sites, suppliers or customers that sit just inside or just outside the chosen value-chain boundary, and explain the rule used to include or exclude them.
+ Show 7 more
Examples

Illustrative examples

Synthetic, written by LRA — not from a company report, not text from any standard.

Illustrative (synthetic) example — manufacturing

We review climate-related matters by scoring each topic against likely financial effect, how quickly it could affect us, and whether it is already emerging in our operations or supply chain. Our checks draw on internal incident logs, supplier data, energy and emissions records, and external market and policy scans; in this case, 18 of 24 screened topics were kept for closer review, and 12 of those were then treated as priority items.
- We watch the selected topics through monthly management reporting, with a quarterly refresh of the scoring and a deeper review when a major event or new evidence appears.
- Opportunity ideas are logged by business unit, tested against expected value, delivery effort, and timing, and then ranked for action; 7 of 11 ideas were advanced to business cases in the period.
- The review covered our own operations plus upstream raw-material suppliers and downstream product use where relevant, representing 100% of the areas we said were in scope for this assessment.

This example shows how a reporter can explain its screening logic, the evidence it relies on, how often it revisits the list, how it turns signals into opportunity ideas, and which parts of the value chain were included.

Illustrative (synthetic) example — financial services

We rank sustainability matters by combining exposure to client demand, regulatory change, and potential effect on revenue, costs, and reputation, then we separate the items that need immediate attention from those that can be watched. Our inputs come from client feedback, portfolio analytics, risk reports, incident tracking, and external horizon scanning; in this illustration, 15 of 20 matters were escalated for active monitoring, and 6 of those were classed as near-term priorities.
- We track the chosen matters through a standing monthly review, with exception-based escalation between meetings if a trigger is hit or a new trend appears.
- We spot upside by reviewing product gaps, service redesign ideas, and efficiency gains raised by teams and clients, then testing them for feasibility and expected benefit; 5 of 9 ideas were taken forward for detailed assessment.
- The scope included our lending and asset-management activities, together with relevant client and supplier touchpoints, covering the full set of areas we said we examined in this example.

This example shows a different sector using the same disclosure in a different way: it explains the ranking method, the evidence base, the monitoring rhythm, the route from idea to assessment, and the breadth of the chain considered.

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How companies report S1-44-b in practice

Examples of full and partial reporting practice. These are evidence-led reviews, not exact disclosure templates to copy.

Abu Dhabi Commercial Bank (ADCB)
None · United Arab Emirates · 2024
Open report →
Abu Dhabi Commercial Bank’s 2024 ESG Report includes a covered disclosure on the assessment and prioritisation criteria for sustainability-related opportunities, describing processes to identify, assess, prioritise, and monitor these opportunities (p.127). The report provides related context on the identification and measurement of sustainability-related risks and opportunities, though the description of the opportunity identification process and monitoring approach is unclear (pp.23, 126). Notably, the report does not provide clear information on key data sources or the value chain scope used for these assessments.
SITC International Holdings Company Limited
Water Transportation · Hong Kong · 2025
Open report →
SITC International Holdings Company Limited’s 2025 Environmental, Social and Governance Report provides evidence of its processes to identify, assess, prioritise, and monitor climate-related opportunities, including the use of climate-related scenarios (p.196). The report also discusses the integration of sustainability-related risks and opportunities into the overall risk management process and outlines related policies and processes (p.190). However, the report does not clearly disclose key data sources or the value chain scope used, and the descriptions of the monitoring approach (p.188) and opportunity identification process (p.191) are present but lack clarity.
Mowi ASA
Food Production — Animal Source · Norway · 2024
Open report →
Mowi ASA’s Integrated Annual Report 2024 includes a covered disclosure on its opportunity identification process related to impacts and dependencies on its workforce and business model (p.98). The report provides unclear information on assessment and prioritisation criteria, key data sources, and monitoring approaches, with relevant context mentioned but no clear, detailed disclosures (pp.69, 73). Notably, there is no evidence found regarding the value chain scope used in the disclosure.
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Scenarios to work through

A finance team has a short list of possible upside areas, but the notes only mention broad themes such as efficiency and customer demand. The sustainability lead has a workshop pack that shows how each idea was screened, which sources were used, and why some ideas were ranked ahead of others.

QShould the disclosure explain the screening and ranking approach in enough detail for a reader to see how the team moved from ideas to priorities?
Reveal model answer →

A group preparing the report has used internal strategy papers, customer feedback, supplier discussions and market analysis to spot upside areas. One draft mentions only internal management papers because the team thinks external material is too detailed to summarise.

QShould the disclosure identify the main information sources that fed the opportunity work, even if some came from outside the organisation?
Reveal model answer →

The sustainability team reviews its opportunity register every quarter, but only when a major event happens does it update the scoring. In practice, the team also checks whether the assumptions behind the scores still hold, using a mix of dashboard data and management review.

QShould the disclosure describe how the organisation keeps the opportunity process under review, including what triggers updates and what information is checked?
Reveal model answer →

A manufacturer has identified upside from lower-emission products, but the team only looked at its own factories and sales data. The supply chain team says the biggest upside may sit with raw materials and customer use, yet those stages were left out of the analysis.

QShould the disclosure make clear whether the opportunity process covered only the organisation’s own operations or also parts of the wider value chain?
Reveal model answer →
Framework references

Relevant IFRS / ISSB requirements and related disclosures

Available framework references and nearby disclosures relevant to preparing this requirement.

IFRS / ISSB
s1-44-b
within IFRS S1: General Requirements for Disclosure of Sustainability-related Financial Information
Open official source →
Primary
Related & explore
Go deeper · s1-44-b
Learn to prepare this disclosure end-to-end

This guide covers one requirement. The IFRS S1 & S2 Reporting course walks the full ISSB workflow — governance, strategy, risk management and metrics — with exercises on your own data.

Available as Guided Flex, Live Cohort, 1:1 Expert Mentorship or Corporate Programme.

FAQ

Questions this page answers

How do I use the s1-44-b page to prepare a first draft disclosure for IFRS S1 general requirements?+
What information do I need to collect for s1-44-b before I can draft the disclosure?+
How should I decide the scope and boundary for the s1-44-b disclosure?+
Who should own the s1-44-b data and sign-off process in practice?+
What evidence should I keep ready for assurance on s1-44-b?+
What are the common mistakes to avoid when drafting s1-44-b?+
How do I use the Prep & Assurance workbook for s1-44-b?+
What is the printable Library Card for s1-44-b used for?+
Can I use the synthetic example disclosure on the s1-44-b page as a template for my own draft?+
How do I turn the s1-44-b data into a draft narrative and content-index line?+
How can I reuse data from s1-44-b for ESRS 2 General Disclosures without assuming the requirements are the same?+
More questions this page can help with
What does the s1-44-b plain-language explainer cover before I start collecting data?Which of the five datapoints to prepare for s1-44-b should I gather first?How do I document the prioritisation criteria for s1-44-b in a way that is assurance-ready?What should I include in the core information sources section for s1-44-b?How do I show the tracking method used for s1-44-b in the workbook?What is the opportunity spotting process for s1-44-b and how do I evidence it?How do I define the value chain boundary for s1-44-b in the draft?What are the five assurance claims on the s1-44-b page and how do I test them?What should go into the five-item evidence pack for s1-44-b?Which common reporting gaps on s1-44-b should I check before sign-off?Where can I find real published report examples linked from the s1-44-b page?How do I use the visualisation ideas and narrative starters on the s1-44-b page to build a draft?
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