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California SB 253: Climate Corporate Data Accountability Act·Disclosure SB253-METHODOLOGY

GHG Protocol methodology and reporting basis

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Standard

California SB 253: Climate Corporate Data Accountability Act

Disclosure SB253-METHODOLOGY · 2026-initial-regulation-as-amended-sb219

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2023-10-07

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LRA-Lehrmaterial · Nicht von CARB herausgegeben oder gebilligt

Kern der Offenlegung

This disclosure asks an organisation to explain the greenhouse gas accounting approach it uses and the basis on which it prepares its emissions figures. In practice, that means being clear about the framework, boundaries and assumptions behind the numbers so a reader can understand what is included, what is left out, and how the reported totals were built.

The practical focus is on comparability and coverage: whether the reporting covers the organisation’s full operations or only selected parts, and how emissions are treated across the relevant sources and activities. The aim is to make the reported data understandable and traceable, rather than presenting headline figures without the method behind them.

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Bevor Sie beginnen

Bevor Sie beginnen

Eine kurze Checkliste, bevor Sie diese Offenlegung erstellen — haken Sie jeden Punkt ab, sobald er geklärt ist.

Vorbereitung

Wichtige vorzubereitende Angaben

Vorbereitungsfeld Was zu erfassen ist Nachweishinweis Verantwortlich
Reference year State which earlier reporting year is being used as the comparison point or base for the current disclosure. Prior-year emissions schedule, reporting pack, or methodology note showing the chosen reference year. Sustainability reporting / ESG data owner
Corporate accounting standard Confirm the named corporate emissions accounting framework used to prepare the organisation-wide inventory. Methodology document, reporting policy, or assurance pack naming the framework used for the corporate inventory. Sustainability reporting / ESG data owner
Protocol alignment check Record whether the reporting approach follows the relevant emissions protocol and guidance, and capture the yes/no position used for disclosure. Methodology memo, internal sign-off, or assurance checklist confirming the stated alignment position. Sustainability reporting / ESG data owner
Method changes Describe any changes in calculation approach, data sources, boundary treatment, or assumptions compared with the last report. Change log, methodology comparison note, or prior-year reporting pack with tracked updates. Sustainability reporting / ESG data owner
Operational boundary Explain how the reporting perimeter is set for activities and emissions sources included in the inventory. Boundary memo, control assessment, or reporting policy showing how included operations are determined. Sustainability reporting / ESG data owner
Group boundary method Set out the rule used to decide which entities or interests are counted within the organisation for reporting. Consolidation policy, legal entity list, or group structure paper showing the boundary rule applied. Finance / consolidation team
Scope 3 framework Confirm the value-chain emissions framework used for indirect emissions outside the organisation’s direct operations. Methodology note, inventory workbook, or assurance pack naming the scope 3 framework used. Sustainability reporting / ESG data owner
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So bereiten Sie es vor

Set the reporting year first, and note the earlier year or base year you will compare against. Keep that reference point consistent across the rest of the calculation pack.
Choose and record the company boundary approach you used, then separately set out the method for the parts of the business you include in the emissions inventory. Make sure both choices are clear enough for someone else to follow.
Confirm which GHG Protocol materials you relied on for the main inventory and, where relevant, for value-chain emissions. Keep evidence that shows the selected framework was actually used, not just intended.
Gather the source records and working papers that support the figures or narrative you will report. This should let a reviewer trace the numbers back to the underlying evidence.
Explain any changes from the previous report, including shifts in method, boundary approach, or other calculation choices. If something was left out or treated differently, describe that clearly so the comparison remains understandable.
Check the final disclosure against the official source before filing, to confirm the selected year, methods, framework use, and any changes are all captured consistently and without gaps.

Daten anfordern

Request the emissions method and reporting basis pack

Übersetzen Sie die Offenlegung in eine interne Geschäftsfrage — und passen Sie diese dann an die Sprache Ihrer Organisation an.

Which emissions method, boundary choices, and comparison basis were used for the latest inventory, and what changed from the prior submission?

Use your organisation’s own terms first, then map them to the reporting labels in the pack. For example, if your team says ‘inventory year’, ‘group boundary’, or ‘value chain method’, keep that language in the request and only translate it at the end for reporting review. This is a possible LRA training template; adapt it to your organisation and check the source material before sign-off.

Schwache Anfrage

Please provide the GHG Protocol methodology, organisational boundary, operational boundary, Scope 3 standard use, and conformance statement for the disclosure.

Warum sie scheitert: This is too close to framework language and does not tell the owner what practical records to pull. It also mixes reporting labels without anchoring them to the team’s own working terms, which makes it harder to answer quickly and consistently.

Bessere Anfrage

Please send the emissions method pack for [period]: the comparison year or base year, how the group boundary was set, how the operational boundary was set, the method used for value chain emissions, whether the inventory follows the GHG Protocol standards and guidance, whether the corporate accounting and reporting standard was used, and what changed since the last report. Use your team’s normal wording in the first pass, then we will map it for reporting review.

Vorlage für eine formelle E-Mail
Subject: Request for emissions method and reporting basis details

Hi [Name],

Could you please send over the evidence pack for the latest emissions inventory, including the method used, the boundary approach, the comparison year or base year, and any changes since the last submission?

Please include:
- the reporting period covered
- the comparison year or base year used
- the approach used to define the group boundary
- the approach used to define the operational boundary
- the method used for value chain emissions
- whether the inventory follows the GHG Protocol standards and guidance
- whether the corporate accounting and reporting standard was used
- any changes made since the prior report
- the source file or system reference

Please use your team’s usual wording where helpful, then we can map it for reporting review. This is a possible LRA training template, so please adapt it to your organisation and check the source material before sign-off.

Thanks,
[Your name]
Kurzfassung für Teams / Slack
Hi [Name] — could you share the emissions method pack for [period]? Please include the comparison year/base year, boundary approach, value chain method, any changes since last time, and the source file/system. Use your team’s usual terms first; we can map them for reporting review. Please adapt to your organisation and check the source material before sign-off.

Branchenbeispiele

Manufacturing

Kontext. A plant-based group with central sustainability reporting and local EHS input.

Angepasste Anfrage. Hi [Name] — for [period], please share the inventory method pack for the plants and shared sites: the comparison year/base year, how the group boundary was set, how the site boundary was set, the method used for supplier and downstream estimates, any changes since last year, and the source workbook or system. Please use your normal site and group terms first, then we can map them for reporting review. This is a possible LRA training template; adapt it to your organisation and check the source material before sign-off.

Beispielantwort. We used FY2023 as the comparison year. Group boundary was set using the control approach. Site boundary covered owned and operated facilities plus leased warehouses. Value chain emissions used a screening method with supplier estimates. Changes since last year: updated electricity and freight factors. Source: Inventory_Master_FY2024.xlsx.

Financial services

Kontext. A corporate reporting team coordinating with operations, procurement, and a data platform team.

Angepasste Anfrage. Hi [Name] — please send the emissions method pack for [period] covering the group boundary, operational boundary, comparison year/base year, and the method used for financed and other value chain categories in the inventory model. Also include any changes from the prior report and the source model or data extract. Use your team’s usual wording first, then we can map it for reporting review. This is a possible LRA training template; adapt it to your organisation and check the source material before sign-off.

Beispielantwort. Comparison year: FY2023. Group boundary: control approach. Operational boundary: direct operations and selected leased assets. Value chain method: portfolio screening plus supplier estimates where available. Changes: revised data source for purchased services. Source: GHG_Model_Q4_2024.

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Methodenhinweis

State the reference year, the accounting approach used, the boundary choices applied to the organisation and operations, the framework used for the main inventory and the separate framework used for value-chain emissions, and whether the approach follows the relevant guidance.

Kontexthinweis

Explain that these settings define the basis on which the emissions figures were prepared, so readers can understand what the numbers cover and how they should be compared with earlier reporting.

Erläuterung zu Schwankungen

If the figures move because the reporting approach changed, say which parts of the method were updated and note that the shift may affect comparability with the prior period.

Eintrag im Inhaltsindex

SB253-METHODOLOGY GHG Protocol methodology and reporting basis — [location / page] / [notes]

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Prüfungsbereitschaft

Prüfen Sie zu jeder Aussage die Nachweise

Aussage Risiko Zu prüfende Nachweise
We used the immediately preceding financial year as the reference period for the figure.The assurer will check whether the period is the correct one, whether it is clearly identified, and whether the same period is used consistently across the disclosure.Board or management-approved reporting timetable; draft and final disclosure showing the named period; internal reporting pack or inventory file covering that period; sign-off notes confirming the period choice.
We prepared the disclosure using the company-wide emissions accounting framework we say we follow.The assurer will probe whether the named framework was actually applied, whether the team understood it, and whether the disclosure is not relying on an informal or partial approach.Methodology memo; inventory procedures; working papers showing application of the framework; reviewer sign-off; any gap log where the framework was mapped to internal data processes.
We have stated that our approach follows the relevant greenhouse gas protocol guidance.The assurer will test whether the claim of alignment is supported by the actual calculation approach, source data treatment, and any departures or limitations.Cross-reference matrix between the disclosure and the protocol guidance used internally; calculation files; documented judgments; exception log; evidence of review by the preparer and checker.
Where our approach changed from the earlier report, we documented the differences before publication.The assurer will look for whether changes were identified, whether their effect on the figure was considered, and whether the disclosure explains the change clearly enough to avoid misleading comparisons.Change log versus the prior submission; version history; comparison of old and new methods; internal approval notes; reconciliation showing the effect of the change, if any.
We set out the boundary approach we used so readers can see what was included in the inventory.The assurer will check whether the boundary choice is explicit, applied consistently, and supported by the underlying consolidation or control logic.Boundary policy; group structure chart; list of included and excluded entities or operations; control assessment papers; working papers showing how the boundary was applied.
We also explained how we defined the reporting group for the inventory.The assurer will probe whether the organisational perimeter is coherent, consistently applied, and aligned to the data collected for the disclosed figure.Entity inclusion schedule; ownership or control analysis; consolidation memo; legal entity register; evidence that the same perimeter was used in the calculations.

Vorzubereitendes Nachweispaket

Häufige Lücken in der Berichterstattung

The information is presented without a date or as-at point.
The scope or boundary of the statement is left undefined.
Key terms are used inconsistently across the report.
Material changes since the previous period are not disclosed.
Assertions are made without supporting detail or a source record.
Boilerplate is used that does not actually answer what is asked.

Häufige Lücken

Fehler, die Sie bei der Datenerhebung vermeiden sollten

Wrong owner for the evidenceThe team asks a framework lead instead of the business owner who actually holds the source records, so the answer comes back in the wrong language and cannot be traced to the original files.
Boundary not fixed before collectionPeople start gathering data before agreeing which parts of the business and which activities sit inside the reporting set, so later figures cannot be compared on the same basis.
Wrong time basisThe collector uses a different reporting period or reference year from the one used elsewhere, which makes the methodology note inconsistent with the numbers it supports.
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Wo häufig eine Ermessensentscheidung nötig ist

Set the opening year and keep it consistentChoose one comparison year for the emissions baseline and explain it clearly, especially if a later report switches to a different year for practical reasons.
Explain any change in the group of entities coveredIf acquisitions, disposals or restructurings change what sits inside the reporting perimeter, describe what moved in or out and how you treated the numbers for the affected period.
State how you drew the company boundarySet out the rule used to decide which businesses, sites or interests are counted, and note any judgement where local legal structures or ownership patterns make the decision less straightforward.
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Beispiele

Veranschaulichende Beispiele

Synthetisch, von LRA verfasst — nicht aus einem Unternehmensbericht und kein Text aus einem Standard.

Illustrative (synthetic) example — Manufacturing

We set our reporting against the 2023 fiscal year as the base period, and we say our approach follows the GHG Protocol corporate reporting framework and its value-chain companion guidance. Our boundary approach is operational control, and we confirm that our method is aligned with those GHG Protocol materials; compared with the prior filing, we changed only the way we allocate a small number of leased assets, with no change to the overall boundary approach or the base year. - Prior period used for comparison: 2023 fiscal year; - Main reporting framework applied: GHG Protocol corporate reporting standard; - Value-chain emissions guidance applied: GHG Protocol Scope 3 guidance; - Alignment statement: yes, we say our method is consistent with the GHG Protocol materials; - Boundary choices: operational control for the company boundary; - Changes since last report: a limited update to leased-asset allocation, with the rest unchanged.

Synthetic example for practitioner review only. It shows how a company might describe its base period, framework use, alignment statement, boundary choices, and any changes from the previous report without naming the organisation.

Illustrative (synthetic) example — Retail

Our comparison year is 2022, and we prepared the disclosure using the GHG Protocol corporate reporting framework together with the value-chain emissions guidance. We apply a financial-control boundary for the group, and we state that our reporting is consistent with the GHG Protocol materials; since the last report, we revised the treatment of a small set of franchised sites, while keeping the comparison year and the overall method in place. - Reference year: 2022; - Framework for company emissions: GHG Protocol corporate reporting standard; - Value-chain emissions guidance: GHG Protocol Scope 3 guidance; - Consistency statement: yes; - Boundary approach: financial control; - Method updates since the prior filing: revised treatment of a limited number of franchised sites only.

Synthetic example for practitioner review only. It demonstrates a different sector, a different base year, a different boundary approach, and a different kind of methodology update while still covering the same required datapoints.

Unternehmensberichte

Wie Unternehmen SB253-METHODOLOGY in der Praxis berichten

Beispiele für vollständige und teilweise Berichtspraxis. Es handelt sich um evidenzbasierte Analysen, nicht um Vorlagen zum Abschreiben.

Echte veröffentlichte Berichte
Ingersoll Rand Inc.
Electrical Equipment and Machinery · United States · 2024
Bericht öffnen →
Ingersoll Rand’s 2024 Sustainability Report references use of the GHG Protocol Corporate Accounting and Reporting Standard (p.26) and the Greenhouse Gas Protocol Corporate Value Chain (Scope 3) Accounting and Reporting Standard (p.32) for its emissions accounting. The report provides Scope 3 emissions data for 2020–2024 with specific metric ton CO2e values and targets (p.32), and notes progress towards Scopes 1 and 2 reduction goals (p.74). However, the report does not clearly disclose the base year or prior year methodology, nor does it provide explicit details on organizational or operational boundary methods or any methodology changes.
Bank of America
None · United States · 2025
Bericht öffnen →
Bank of America's 2025 sustainability report provides GHG emissions data with a baseline year of 2010, showing Scope 1 direct emissions figures for subsequent years (p.20). The report states that the Greenhouse Gas Protocol Corporate Accounting and Reporting Standard was used to calculate Scopes 1, 2, and 3 emissions (p.18). However, the report lacks clear information on conformance with the GHG protocol, details on the operational and organizational boundary methods, and the specific standard used for Scope 3 emissions, while methodology changes are only partially described (p.3).
C.H. Robinson
Air Freight Transportation and Logistics · United States · 2025
Bericht öffnen →
C.H. Robinson’s 2025 Sustainability Report provides specific data on greenhouse gas emissions, including direct emissions from stationary and mobile combustion sources (p.20) and detailed figures for Scope 3 emissions, with totals reported for multiple years (p.62). The report includes updated 2024 emissions data, indicating ongoing tracking and revision of GHG figures (p.62). However, the report lacks clear information on the methodology used for emissions accounting, such as the corporate standards applied, base year selection, GHG protocol conformance, and boundary definitions, as no quotable evidence was found for these aspects.

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Szenarien zum Durcharbeiten

A group prepares its first California emissions filing after a merger completed mid-year. The team has one consolidated ledger for the new group, but the prior year figures sit in two legacy systems and were not restated.

FHow should the preparer decide what period to name as the comparison basis, and what should they do if the current method differs from the earlier filing?
Musterantwort anzeigen →

A sustainability team has been using a market-based emissions tool built for internal dashboards, but the California filing needs a method that aligns with the GHG Protocol corporate accounting and reporting framework. The draft currently says only that the numbers are “prepared using internal methodology.”

FWhat should the preparer check before sign-off, and how should the method be described in the disclosure?
Musterantwort anzeigen →

A company has always reported under an equity-share approach, but this year it changed to a control-based approach because it now manages most operating decisions in its subsidiaries. The draft filing mentions the new approach but does not say whether the change affects comparability with last year.

FWhat should the preparer do about the boundary method and the change from the previous report?
Musterantwort anzeigen →

A preparer is compiling Scope 3 data from suppliers, logistics providers and product-use estimates. The team has a general emissions policy, but the draft does not say whether the value-chain standard was used or whether the calculations follow the same recognised guidance throughout.

FWhat judgement should the preparer make before finalising the filing?
Musterantwort anzeigen →

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SB253-METHODOLOGY

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FAQ

Fragen, die diese Seite beantwortet

For SB253-METHODOLOGY, what data points do I need to gather before I start drafting the disclosure?+
How do I use the SB253-METHODOLOGY step-by-step preparation section in practice?+
What should I check for the corporate accounting standard and protocol alignment in SB253-METHODOLOGY?+
How do I decide the operational boundary and group boundary method for SB253-METHODOLOGY?+
What does the SB253-METHODOLOGY page expect me to do if my method changed from the prior year?+
What evidence pack do I need for SB253-METHODOLOGY assurance readiness?+
What are the six assurance claims to verify on the SB253-METHODOLOGY page?+
How can I avoid the common reporting gaps and mistakes on SB253-METHODOLOGY?+
How do I turn the SB253-METHODOLOGY page into a draft disclosure?+
How should I use the SB253-METHODOLOGY workbook and printable library card?+
Can I reuse SB253-METHODOLOGY data for ESRS E1 (Climate Change)?+

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