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IFRS S2: Climate-related Disclosures·Paragraphs 29–f

Internal carbon prices

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IFRS S2: Climate-related Disclosures

Paragraphs 29–f · 2024

Van kracht

2024-01-01

Officiële bron: Openen ↗

Laatst beoordeeld

Educatief materiaal van LRA · Niet uitgegeven of goedgekeurd door IFRS

Kern van de disclosure

This disclosure asks an organisation to explain whether it uses an internal carbon price in decision-making, and if so, how that price is applied in practice. The focus is on the organisation’s own approach: what the price is used for, how it influences planning or investment choices, and whether it is a formal part of internal processes rather than an informal estimate.

In practical terms, the key question is how broadly the carbon price is used across the business. Reporting should make clear whether it applies only to selected projects, business units or flagship sites, or whether it is embedded across operations and capital allocation more widely. The aim is to show the extent of coverage and how consistently the price is used in real decisions.

Dit educatieve materiaal van LRA ondersteunt het opstellen van de disclosure. Raadpleeg voor de exacte vereisten altijd de officiële IFRS-bron.

Voordat u begint

Voordat u begint

Een korte checklist voordat u deze disclosure opstelt — vink elk punt af zodra het geregeld is.

Voorbereiding

Belangrijkste voor te bereiden informatie

Voorbereidingsveld Wat vast te leggen Aanwijzing voor bewijs Eigenaar
Carbon price uses Describe where the organisation applies an internal carbon price in practice, and for which activities, plans or assessments it is used. Policy note, planning template, investment appraisal pack, or internal guidance showing where the price is applied. Finance / sustainability
Scope and assumptions Set out the parts of the business, activities and time horizon covered by the carbon price, plus the key assumptions used to build it. Method note, model assumptions sheet, or pricing memo with the covered scope and underlying inputs. Finance / sustainability
Affected decisions List the decisions, approvals or planning choices that the carbon price has influenced during the reporting period. Investment papers, budget submissions, strategy decks, or approval records showing the price was used in decision-making. Finance / strategy
Price level State the carbon price amount or amounts used, including any different levels applied for different purposes or scenarios. Pricing schedule, model output, or approved rate card showing each price level in use. Finance
Internal charge method Explain whether the organisation uses a notional carbon price or an internal charge, levy or tax, and how the two are distinguished in practice. Tax policy, internal charging policy, or finance guidance showing the treatment and terminology used. Finance / tax
+ Subelementen van s2-29-f tonen (LRA-werkchecklist)

Hoe u dit voorbereidt

Set the boundary for the carbon-price use cases you will report on. Be clear about which business areas, projects, or decisions are in scope, and keep that scope consistent with the evidence you can support.
Define what each price input means in your organisation. Separate the price levels you actually used from any internal charge, levy, or notional rate, so the reader can see how the figures were applied.
Gather the source material that shows how the price was used in practice. This should include the records behind the use case, the assumptions made, and the decision-making papers or approvals that were influenced.
Compile the disclosure content in a way that links the use case, the price level(s), and the decisions affected. If the information is narrative rather than numeric, make sure the explanation still shows the same underlying facts.
Record any limits, exclusions, or changes in method, coverage, or assumptions. Explain what was left out, what changed from prior reporting, and why those choices were made.
Check the draft against the official source before finalising it. Confirm that the reported coverage, assumptions, price levels, and evidence all match the underlying records and that the distinction between a shadow price and an internal fee or tax is clear.

De gegevens opvragen

Request the internal carbon price details

Vertaal de disclosure naar een interne bedrijfsvraag — en pas die daarna aan op het taalgebruik van uw organisatie.

How do we use an internal carbon price in planning and decision-making, and what evidence shows the price levels, scope, assumptions, and the choices it has influenced?

Use your organisation’s own terms first, then map them to the disclosure. For example, if your team talks about a carbon charge, planning price, or emissions cost assumption, use that language in the request and only translate it afterwards for reporting. This is a possible LRA training template; adapt it to your organisation and check the official source before sign-off.

Zwak verzoek

Please provide the internal carbon pricing disclosure and all mandatory evidence for the standard.

Waarom dit misgaat: It uses framework language instead of the organisation’s own terms, does not tell the owner what practical information is needed, and does not separate the price level, scope, assumptions, and decision use into clear items that can be evidenced.

Beter verzoek

Please send the carbon cost assumption or internal charge used in [business area] for [reporting period], including the level(s), where it is applied, how it was set, and the decisions it has influenced. Use your team’s own wording and attach the workbook, policy note, or approval paper that shows how it is used.

Sjabloon voor een formele e-mail
Subject: Request for internal carbon price evidence for [reporting period]\n\nHi [name/team],\n\nWe are pulling together the evidence pack for our sustainability reporting and need your help with the internal carbon price information used in [business area / process].\n\nPlease send, for [reporting period]:\n- the price level(s) used\n- where the price is applied\n- the basis and key assumptions behind the level(s)\n- the decisions or processes it has influenced\n- whether the price is used as a planning assumption, a charge, a fee, a tax-like amount, or another internal term\n- any supporting files or links that show how this is used in practice\n\nPlease use your team’s own wording first, then we can map it into the reporting pack. If helpful, a short table is fine.\n\nThis is a possible LRA training template; please adapt it to your organisation and check the official source before sign-off.\n\nThanks,\n[preparer name]
Korte versie voor Teams / Slack
Hi [name/team] — could you share the internal carbon price details for [reporting period] in [business area]? We need the price level(s), where it is used, the basis/assumptions, and what decisions it has affected. Please send your team’s own wording plus any supporting file/link. Thanks.

Sectorvoorbeelden

Manufacturing

Context. A group uses a carbon cost in capex screening and plant upgrade cases.

Aangepast verzoek. Hi [name/team], please share the carbon cost assumption used in capex appraisals for [reporting period]. We need the level(s), which projects it applies to, the basis for setting it, and any examples of investment decisions it changed. Please include the model or approval note.

Voorbeeldantwoord. The planning team uses a carbon cost of £75 per tCO2e for all major capex cases above £1m. It is applied in the investment model and was used in three plant upgrade approvals. The level was set by Finance and Sustainability based on the medium-term transition plan.

Financial services

Context. A bank uses an emissions cost assumption in lending and portfolio planning.

Aangepast verzoek. Hi [name/team], could you send the emissions cost assumption used in portfolio planning for [reporting period]? Please include the level(s), the products or portfolios it covers, the basis for the assumption, and the decisions it has influenced. A policy note or committee paper would be helpful.

Voorbeeldantwoord. The risk team applies a carbon cost of £120 per tCO2e in transition scenario work for corporate lending portfolios. It covers sectors flagged as higher exposure in the climate model. The assumption informed sector limits and client engagement priorities, as set out in the committee paper.

Stel uw disclosure op

Notities die gegevens tot een disclosure maken

LRA-trainingssjablonen — pas ze aan op uw organisatie en controleer de officiële bron vóór goedkeuring.

Methodenotitie

Explain what you mean by each carbon-price measure, how you set the coverage boundary, and the assumptions used to apply the price in practice.

Contextnotitie

Set out how the carbon-price approach is used in the business and what the reported figures indicate about decision-making, planning, or cost signals.

Toelichting op schommelingen

If the price level, coverage, or the decisions affected changed during the period, describe what changed and the business reason for the shift.

Vermelding in de inhoudsindex

s2-29-f Internal carbon prices — [location / page] / [notes]

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Assurance-gereedheid

Controleer bij elke bewering het bewijs

Bewering Risico Te controleren bewijs
We have explained where the figure is used in our planning and appraisal process, and which business choices it feeds into.An assurer may ask whether the stated use is real, current, and supported by documented decision processes rather than a generic policy statement.Internal policy or methodology note; examples of investment, budgeting, pricing, or project papers showing the figure being used; approval papers or meeting packs that reference the figure.
We have set out the parts of the business the figure covers, together with the main assumptions we used to apply it.An assurer may probe whether the coverage is complete for the stated boundary and whether the assumptions are consistent, reasonable, and applied in the same way across the reporting period.Boundary memo; calculation workbook; assumption log; source data extracts; reconciliation between covered activities and the reported figure; version history showing assumption changes.
We have identified the decisions that were actually shaped by the figure, rather than only describing intended future use.An assurer may challenge whether the examples are specific, evidenced, and attributable to the figure, or whether they are merely illustrative.Decision papers, capex requests, procurement cases, strategy papers, or board/committee packs showing the figure influencing a choice; sign-off notes; links between the figure and the final decision.
We have stated the price level we used for each relevant calculation, and the amounts are consistent with the underlying working papers.An assurer may test whether the stated level matches the calculations, whether units are clear, and whether any different rates were applied without explanation.Calculation schedules; model outputs; unit conventions; source files showing the rate applied; review notes confirming the published amount matches the working papers.
We have made clear whether we used a notional planning price, an internal charge, or a levy-style mechanism, and we can show how that mechanism operates in practice.An assurer may ask whether the mechanism is described accurately and consistently, and whether the label used in the report matches the way the organisation actually applies it.Methodology paper describing the mechanism; finance or treasury procedures; internal charging or transfer pricing documents; examples of postings or allocations; governance approval for the mechanism.

Voor te bereiden bewijsdossier

Veelvoorkomende hiaten in de rapportage

The information is presented without a date or as-at point.
The scope or boundary of the statement is left undefined.
Key terms are used inconsistently across the report.
Material changes since the previous period are not disclosed.
Assertions are made without supporting detail or a source record.
Boilerplate is used that does not actually answer what is asked.

Veelvoorkomende hiaten

Fouten om te vermijden bij het verzamelen van gegevens

Wrong ownerThe request goes to the sustainability team instead of the finance, strategy, or project lead who actually holds the pricing records.
Framework language firstPeople ask for the data using disclosure labels rather than the business terms the team uses for carbon pricing in day-to-day work.
No boundary setThe collection starts without agreeing which business units, projects, or decision processes are in scope, so the dataset is incomplete or over-wide.
+ Nog 6 tonen

Waar vaak een professionele afweging nodig is

What sits inside the reporting boundary after a buy-in or saleSet a clear cut-off for newly acquired or disposed operations, explain whether you use opening, closing, or average coverage for the period, and note any parts of the business left out because the boundary changed.
Different country teams using different price labelsIf local units use different names or methods for the same carbon cost signal, map them to one group-wide description, explain the differences, and show how you kept the comparison consistent across locations.
Units close to the edge of scopeDecide whether small entities, joint arrangements, or newly formed activities are included in the price-use analysis, and disclose the rule used for borderline cases so readers can see why some items were in or out.
+ Nog 6 tonen

Voorbeelden

Illustratieve voorbeelden

Synthetisch, geschreven door LRA — niet afkomstig uit een bedrijfsrapport en geen tekst uit een standaard.

Illustrative (synthetic) example — Manufacturing

*Illustrative only: our group uses an internal carbon charge to steer capital spending and operating choices.* We apply a shadow carbon price of **£85 per tonne of CO2e** to **100%** of new project appraisals, while a separate internal levy of **£40 per tonne of CO2e** is used for **60%** of business-unit budgets; the levy covers **12 of 20** units, and **6 of those 12** also use the shadow price in local planning. The price signals have influenced **14 investment decisions** this year, including **9 equipment upgrades**, **3 logistics changes** and **2 product-design changes**; the remaining **6 decisions** were informed by the same pricing approach but did not change the final option selected.

This synthetic example shows how a reporter can explain where carbon pricing is used, what level is applied, how much of the business it reaches, and which choices it has affected, while distinguishing a planning price from an internal charge.

Illustrative (synthetic) example — Retail

*Illustrative only: our company uses carbon pricing in procurement and store operations to shape day-to-day decisions.* We apply a shadow price of **£70 per tonne of CO2e** to **80%** of supplier tenders and a separate internal fee of **£25 per tonne of CO2e** to **100%** of store energy plans; the shadow price covers **16 of 20** tenders, and the fee covers **240 of 240** stores. During the year, the pricing approach affected **11 decisions** in total: **7 supplier selections**, **2 refrigeration replacements** and **2 store-opening plans**.

This synthetic example demonstrates a second plausible pattern: one price used for external sourcing decisions and another for operational planning, with clear coverage and a short list of decisions that were changed or shaped by the pricing signal.

Bedrijfsrapporten

Hoe bedrijven S2-29-f in de praktijk rapporteren

Voorbeelden van volledige en gedeeltelijke rapportagepraktijk. Dit zijn op bewijs gebaseerde analyses, geen sjablonen om over te nemen.

Echte gepubliceerde rapporten
Woori Financial Group Inc.
Banks / Diverse Financials / Insurance · South Korea · 2024
Rapport openen →
Woori Financial Group’s 2024 Sustainability Report provides evidence of using an internal carbon price (ICP), describing the calculation as setting a price per unit of carbon emissions on page 42. The report includes references to carbon-related assets and financed emissions targets on page 39, indicating some integration of carbon pricing into financial considerations. However, the report lacks information on the coverage and assumptions behind the ICP, the specific decisions influenced by it, any narrative explanation, and distinctions between shadow price versus internal fee or tax, as no evidence was found for these aspects.
Hang Lung Properties Limited
Real Estate · Hong Kong · 2025
Rapport openen →
Hang Lung Properties Limited’s Sustainability Report 2025 includes a covered disclosure of its internal carbon pricing mechanism, describing the use of a shadow price to inform decision-making and promote energy efficiency on page 55. The report also references the potential impact of carbon pricing in relation to energy efficiency plans on page 150, though this is less clearly detailed. However, the report lacks clear disclosures on the coverage and assumptions behind the carbon price, specific decisions influenced by it, and broader narrative context, as no quotable evidence was found for these datapoints.
Taiwan Cooperative Financial Holding Co., Ltd.
Banks / Diverse Financials / Insurance · Taiwan · 2024
Rapport openen →
Taiwan Cooperative Financial Holding Co., Ltd.’s 2024 ESG Report includes evidence of using an internal carbon pricing mechanism to guide carbon investments, identify low-carbon opportunities, and influence strategy and financial planning (p.162). However, the report does not provide clear information on the coverage and assumptions behind the carbon pricing, nor does it specify which decisions are influenced by this mechanism. Additionally, while related context is present, the distinction between a shadow price and an internal fee or tax is not clearly disclosed (p.162).

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Scenario’s om door te werken

A group finance team uses a notional carbon price in project appraisal for two business units, but one smaller unit still relies on a separate internal charge for emissions. The reporting pack also shows that the price is applied only to capital projects above a set threshold.

VHow should the preparer describe the different ways the organisation uses carbon pricing, without blending the notional price and the internal charge into one label?
Modelantwoord tonen →

An energy company applies a carbon assumption only to new investment cases in one division, while the rest of the group uses no carbon price at all. The draft note says the price is used across the whole business, which is not accurate.

VWhat should the preparer do when explaining coverage and the assumptions behind the price use?
Modelantwoord tonen →

A manufacturer uses a carbon price in capital allocation, procurement screening, and product design choices. The draft disclosure mentions the price level but leaves out the decisions it actually shaped, even though the investment committee relied on it in several cases.

VWhich decisions should the preparer connect to the carbon price in the narrative?
Modelantwoord tonen →

A utility group uses two different carbon values: one is a planning assumption for long-term projects, and the other is an internal levy collected from operating units. The draft note lists both numbers but does not explain which is a planning value and which is a charge passed through the business.

VHow should the preparer distinguish between a planning-based carbon value and an internal charge or tax-like mechanism?
Modelantwoord tonen →

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