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IFRS S1: General Requirements for Disclosure of Sustainability-related Financial Information · 2024
Paragraph 32

Business model and value chain effects

Practical guidance for preparing this disclosure. Use this card to identify datapoints, verify claims and organise supporting evidence. For exact requirements, always refer to the official IFRS source.

Dr Ross Kurinko, Sustainability Reporting Trainer
Reviewed by Dr Ross Kurinko · Sustainability Reporting Trainer LRA educational guidance · Not issued or endorsed by IFRS
To prepare this disclosure
Disclosure focus

This disclosure asks an organisation to explain how its business model and value chain are affected by sustainability-related matters, and how those matters may in turn affect the organisation’s ability to create, preserve or erode value over time. In practice, the report should help a reader understand the main ways these matters connect to the organisation’s activities, relationships, inputs, outputs and wider chain of operations.

The practical focus is breadth and relevance, not just a few headline examples. Organisations should consider the full scope of operations and value chain that matter to the business, rather than limiting the discussion to flagship sites or isolated projects. The aim is to show where the effects arise, how significant they are, and which parts of the business and value chain are most exposed.

This LRA educational guidance supports disclosure preparation. For the exact requirements, always refer to the official IFRS source.

Before you start

A quick mental checklist before you prepare this disclosure — tick each as you settle it.

Preparation

Key datapoints to prepare

Datapoint What to capture Evidence hint Owner
Value chain segments Identify which parts of the wider value chain are affected, and describe those segments in business terms that match the reporting scope used internally. Value-chain mapping, supplier/customer segmentation, impact or risk assessment outputs, and any internal scope notes showing which segments were included. Sustainability / supply chain
Expected effects Set out the effects the organisation expects to arise, describing the anticipated outcomes and who or what they relate to. Scenario analysis, risk registers, impact assessments, board papers, and planning documents that support the forward-looking view. Sustainability / risk
Observed effects Describe the effects already happening now, using the current reporting period and the organisation’s own operational evidence. Incident logs, monitoring data, complaints, audit findings, operational reports, and other current-period records. Operations / sustainability
Funding channel exposure Capture where financing or investment exposure sits by channel, showing the relevant funding or investment route and the amount or share tied to it. Treasury records, investment registers, loan schedules, portfolio reports, and channel-level exposure reconciliations. Treasury / finance
Location concentration Show how assets or facilities are concentrated by geography and by site type, using the same location and asset definitions across the dataset. Fixed-asset register, site list, property records, and location mapping used to aggregate assets and facilities. Real estate / operations
Supply chain concentration Describe where concentration sits in the parts of the chain before and after the organisation, using the same supplier and customer grouping logic throughout. Procurement spend analysis, customer concentration reports, supplier master data, and concentration calculations for upstream and downstream exposure. Procurement / commercial
+ Show s1-32 sub-elements (LRA working checklist)

How to prepare it

1Set the reporting boundary first: decide which parts of the value chain are in scope for this disclosure, and keep that scope consistent across the rest of the work.
2Define the categories you will use to describe exposure, using plain business labels for the six required items: affected value-chain segments; expected future effects; effects already happening; funding or investment exposure; concentration by place, asset or site; and concentration in upstream or downstream relationships.
3Gather support for each item from internal records and other source material, so every statement can be traced back to evidence rather than judgement alone.
4Prepare the final content in the form needed for reporting: write the narrative where explanation is needed, and compile any figures or structured fields where the information is quantitative or grouped.
5Record any exclusions, assumptions, reclassifications or changes in approach, so a reviewer can see what was left out, what moved, and why the presentation is not directly comparable without that context.
6Check the draft against the official source before sign-off, confirming that the scope, definitions, evidence and final wording still match the underlying requirement and that nothing material has been missed or overstated.
Request the data

Request the business and value-chain impact evidence

Translate the disclosure into an internal business question — then adapt it to your organisation's own language.

Which parts of our operating model, supply chain, customer chain, assets and funding arrangements are affected now, and where do we expect effects to show up next?

Use your own internal terms first, then map them to the reporting categories. For example, if your teams talk about product lines, sites, suppliers, customers, projects, portfolios or funding lines, ask for the evidence in those words and only translate into the reporting labels at the end. This is a possible LRA training template; adapt it to your organisation and check the source material before sign-off.

Weak request

Please provide the IFRS S1 business model and value chain effects evidence for disclosure ifrs-s1::s1-32, including affected value-chain segments, anticipated effects, current effects, financing or investment channel exposure, geographic / asset / facility concentration, and upstream / downstream concentration.

Why it fails: It uses framework language that many teams will not recognise, so the owner may not know which internal reports to pull. It also asks for the disclosure labels rather than the business facts the team already tracks, which makes it harder to respond quickly and accurately.

Better request

Please send the latest internal evidence for [business area] showing what parts of our operating chain are affected, what is happening now, what may change next, where funding or investment exposure sits, and where exposure is concentrated by country, site, asset, supplier or customer. Use your own team’s terms and attach the source file or dashboard.

Formal email template
Subject: Request for business and value-chain impact evidence for [reporting period]

Hi [name/team],

I’m pulling together the sustainability reporting pack and need your help with the evidence behind our business and value-chain impact summary for [reporting period].

Please send, for [business area / portfolio], the latest information you hold on:
- which parts of the business chain are affected;
- what is happening now;
- what we expect to happen next;
- any exposure linked to funding or investment channels;
- where exposure is concentrated by geography, site, asset or facility; and
- where exposure is concentrated in the supply chain or customer chain.

Please use your own team’s wording and source files where possible, and include the period, boundary, source system, and any assumptions used.

A simple table or marked-up extract is fine. If you already have a deck, dashboard or memo that covers this, please send that instead.

This is a possible LRA training template; please adapt it to your organisation and check the source material before sign-off.

Thanks,
[preparer name]
Short Teams / Slack version
Hi [name/team] — could you share the latest evidence for [business area] on what’s affected now, what may change next, any funding/investment exposure, and where the concentration sits by country/site/asset/supplier/customer? Please include period, boundary and source file. A table, dashboard or memo is fine. Thanks.
Industry examples
Manufacturing

Context. A plant network with key raw-material suppliers and a small number of major customers.

Adapted request. Please share the latest plant, supplier and customer evidence for [reporting period] showing which sites, materials and customer accounts are affected now, what may change next, and where exposure is concentrated by plant, country, supplier tier or customer segment. Include the source dashboard and any assumptions.

Example response. Prepared by Operations Planning; period FY2026 Q1; boundary group manufacturing only; source system plant performance dashboard v4 and supplier risk report v7; current effect: two sites running below normal capacity; expected effect: one input shortage may continue into next quarter; concentration: exposure mainly in two plants and three suppliers; evidence links attached.

Financial services

Context. A lending and investment business with exposures across sectors and regions.

Adapted request. Please provide the latest portfolio evidence for [reporting period] showing which lending or investment books are affected, what is already changing, what may change next, and where exposure is concentrated by region, sector, counterparty type or funding channel. Please include the source pack and any judgement notes.

Example response. Prepared by Portfolio Risk; period FY2026 H1; boundary group lending and managed funds; source system risk dashboard and treasury memo; current effect: higher arrears in one sector; expected effect: tighter credit demand in another sector; concentration: exposure clustered in two regions and one funding line; evidence links attached.

Draft your disclosure

Notes that turn data into a disclosure

LRA training templates — adapt them to your organisation, and check the official source before sign-off.

Method note

Set out how the figures were built, including what each category means, which parts of the business and value chain were included, and the basis used to group exposures and effects.

Context note

Explain what the numbers indicate in practice, such as where the main exposure sits, which parts of the chain are most affected, and whether the issue is concentrated in particular places or funding routes.

Fluctuation statement

If the figures move materially, describe the main driver in plain terms, for example a change in where exposure sits, a shift between current and expected effects, or a new concentration in a specific region, asset, facility, or channel.

Content index entry
s1-32 Business model and value chain effects — [location / page] / [notes]
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Preparation tools & forms

Professional preparation tools for s1-32 — free with an LRA Community membership. Register once (it's free) and every download unlocks, together with the Disclosure Library, templates and the LRA AI-assistant.

Free · Community members
Go deeper · s1-32
Learn to prepare this disclosure end-to-end

This guide covers one requirement. The IFRS S1 & S2 Reporting course walks the full ISSB workflow — governance, strategy, risk management and metrics — with exercises on your own data.

Available as Guided Flex, Live Cohort, 1:1 Expert Mentorship or Corporate Programme.

Assurance readiness

For each claim, check the evidence

ClaimRiskEvidence to check
We mapped the figure to the parts of the business and supply chain that we judged most exposed, rather than using a whole-entity roll-up without review.An assurer may test whether the coverage was set too broadly or too narrowly, leaving out a material segment or including areas with no real exposure.Scoping memo, risk mapping, segment list, boundary decisions, management review notes, and any papers showing why certain operations or chain links were included or excluded.
We based the coverage on where the main pressure points sit in the operating model, including any places, assets, facilities, or funding links that appear more exposed than others.An assurer may probe whether concentration was identified using a consistent method and whether the stated hotspots are supported by underlying analysis.Concentration analysis, location or asset registers, facility lists, financing or investment exposure schedules, methodology note, and source data used to identify hotspots.
We prepared the current-effects narrative from evidence already available at the reporting date, and we separated that from forward-looking statements so the two were not blended together.An assurer may check whether present-day impacts were distinguished from expectations, and whether the current-period statements are supported by dated evidence.Dated incident logs, operational reports, management papers, internal dashboards, board or committee packs, and the draft text showing the split between present and future effects.
We built the anticipated-effects section from documented assumptions, scenario inputs, and management judgments, and we kept a clear trail from the source analysis to the wording used.An assurer may test whether the outlook is speculative, whether assumptions are reasonable, and whether the narrative matches the underlying analysis.Scenario analysis, assumption papers, sensitivity work, forecast models, approval notes, and version history linking the analysis to the published wording.
Before publication, we checked that the disclosed figures and narrative were internally consistent, tied back to the same boundary, and agreed to the supporting records.An assurer may look for mismatches between the narrative, the numbers, and the scope basis, or for unsupported edits made late in the process.Reconciliation sheets, cross-checks between tables and narrative, sign-off forms, change logs, final approval evidence, and evidence of review by finance, sustainability, and legal or disclosure teams.

Evidence pack to prepare

Common reporting gaps

The information is presented without a date or as-at point.The scope or boundary of the statement is left undefined.Key terms are used inconsistently across the report.Material changes since the previous period are not disclosed.Assertions are made without supporting detail or a source record.Boilerplate is used that does not actually answer what is asked.
Common gaps

Mistakes to avoid when collecting the data

Wrong owner asked
People chase the sustainability team for operational impacts when the evidence sits with procurement, finance, operations, or the business unit that actually tracks the affected activities.
Framework language used too early
The request goes out in reporting jargon instead of the organisation’s own terms, so teams cannot map it to the systems and reports they already use.
Scope not pinned down
The data pull starts before the team agrees which parts of the business and which parts of the chain are in scope, so different contributors answer for different populations.
+ Show 6 more

Where judgement is often needed

Set the group boundary after a deal closes
If a purchase or sale changes the businesses in scope during the period, explain which parts of the chain are included and use the same cut-off point consistently across the narrative and any supporting figures.
Choose one country definition and stick to it
Where local labels or legal definitions differ across markets, state the definition you used for each affected segment and explain any mapping or grouping so readers can compare like with like.
Decide how to treat near-boundary activities
For activities that sit just inside or just outside the reporting perimeter, explain the inclusion rule you applied and why those cases were grouped in or left out.
+ Show 7 more
Examples

Illustrative examples

Synthetic, written by LRA — not from a company report, not text from any standard.

Illustrative (synthetic) example — Consumer electronics assembly

We describe where our supply chain and customer-facing activities are most exposed, and how that shows up now and may change later. - Around 62% of our current exposure sits in component sourcing and contract manufacturing, with the remainder in warehousing, retail distribution and after-sales service; by geography, 48% is linked to East Asia, 27% to Europe and 25% to North America. - Our lending and insurance cover is also concentrated: 71% of committed borrowing and 54% of insured asset value relate to two manufacturing sites and one logistics hub, while 58% of our supplier finance and receivables programmes are tied to downstream distributors. - At present, we are seeing longer lead times and higher freight costs in those same segments, and we expect further pressure on inventory availability and service levels if disruption persists.

This synthetic disclosure shows how to explain where exposure sits across the value chain, where it is concentrated by place and asset, and how current disruption differs from expected future effects.

Illustrative (synthetic) example — Food processing and cold-chain logistics

We focus on the parts of our business most exposed today and the areas where we expect the next shift in impact. - The main pressure is in farm-gate sourcing, chilled transport and wholesale delivery, which together account for 79% of our current operational exposure; the balance is in packaging and local storage. - Our assets are clustered: 66% of plant capacity is in one coastal region, 21% in a second region and 13% in a third, while 57% of our financed equipment and 49% of our working-capital facilities sit with three cold stores. - We are already seeing spoilage losses and intermittent route delays in the affected segments, and we expect more frequent service interruptions and higher replacement costs if weather-related disruption increases.

This synthetic disclosure demonstrates how to link present-day effects and likely future effects to the parts of the business, locations, assets and funding arrangements that are most exposed.

Company reportsReal published reports
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How companies report S1-32 in practice

Real reports where this topic is disclosed. These are report practice, not exact disclosure templates to copy.

Chunghwa Telecom Co., Ltd.
Telecommunication Services · Taiwan · 2025
Open report →
Chunghwa Telecom Co., Ltd.'s 2025 Sustainability Report includes references to sustainability-related risks and opportunities and their linkage to financial performance and remuneration policies (p.2), as well as a description of current reporting period risks and expected financial impacts, particularly transition risks with medium to long-term impacts (p.23-24). The report also mentions sustainability-related metrics and targets for material risks and opportunities (p.9) and highlights specific risks such as cybersecurity incidents and data misuse leading to administrative penalties (p.15). However, the report does not provide quotable evidence regarding affected value chain segments, descriptions of current or anticipated effects, financing or investment channel exposure, geographic asset facility concentration, or upstream/downstream concentration.
SITC International Holdings Company Limited
Water Transportation · Hong Kong · 2025
Open report →
SITC International Holdings Company Limited’s 2025 Environmental, Social and Governance Report provides a description of the anticipated effects of climate-related risks and opportunities on its business model and resource allocation (p.193). The report also includes related context on the current and anticipated effects of climate-related risks and opportunities on the entity’s business, though this is not clearly disclosed as a distinct datapoint (p.192). However, the report does not provide clear information on the description of current effects, geographic asset facility concentration, or upstream and downstream concentration, and the disclosure of financing or investment channel exposure remains unclear (p.197).
Hang Lung Properties Limited
Real Estate · Hong Kong · 2025
Open report →
Hang Lung Properties Limited’s Sustainability Report 2025 includes a related context on the current and anticipated effects of sustainability-related risks and opportunities on the entity, notably on pages 215, 216, 217, and 225, with references to financial position, performance, and cash flow impacts (p.215, p.216, p.217, p.225). However, the report does not provide a clear, explicit disclosure of affected value chain segments, nor does it include specific descriptions of current or anticipated effects, financing or investment channel exposure, geographic asset facility concentration, or upstream/downstream concentration. These datapoints remain absent or unclear in the report.
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Scenarios to work through

A manufacturer buys most of its key inputs from two suppliers in one coastal region, and a severe storm has already delayed deliveries for three weeks. The finance team is also reviewing whether the same suppliers sit in a single credit line arrangement that could tighten if disruption continues.

QHow should the preparer decide what to explain about the parts of the supply chain that are exposed, and whether the present disruption belongs in the current-effects narrative or the expected-effects narrative?
Reveal model answer →

A retailer sources 70 of its 100 stores from one distribution hub, and a flood has closed that hub for ten days. Management expects temporary rerouting costs now, plus possible longer-term changes to stock availability if the site remains unavailable.

QWhat should the preparer include when describing the effect on the business model, and how should the location concentration be handled?
Reveal model answer →

An asset manager has a lending portfolio where 40% of the book is secured against properties in one flood-prone city, and 15% is tied to one industrial sector that depends on a single export route. A climate event has not yet caused losses, but internal stress testing suggests higher default risk if transport disruption persists.

QHow should the preparer judge whether to describe this as a current effect, an expected effect, or both, and what concentration information belongs in the note?
Reveal model answer →

A food producer has a major customer that accounts for 55 of 120 million in annual sales, and that customer has signalled it may switch to a lower-carbon product line within two years. The producer also relies on one packaging supplier for 80% of its cartons, and that supplier is in a region facing water stress.

QWhat should the preparer do to separate downstream concentration from upstream concentration, and how should the future customer shift be treated?
Reveal model answer →
Framework references

Related framework references

How this disclosure maps across the major reporting frameworks.

IFRS / ISSB
s1-32
within IFRS S1: General Requirements for Disclosure of Sustainability-related Financial Information
Open official source →
Primary
Related & explore
Go deeper · s1-32
Learn to prepare this disclosure end-to-end

This guide covers one requirement. The IFRS S1 & S2 Reporting course walks the full ISSB workflow — governance, strategy, risk management and metrics — with exercises on your own data.

Available as Guided Flex, Live Cohort, 1:1 Expert Mentorship or Corporate Programme.

FAQ

Questions this page answers

For s1-32, what data do I need to gather before I start drafting the disclosure?+
How do I use the step-by-step 'how to prepare' section for s1-32 in practice?+
Who should own the s1-32 data collection and sign-off in my organisation?+
What evidence should I keep for s1-32 so the disclosure is assurance-ready?+
What are the five assurance claims on the s1-32 page and how do I use them?+
What are the common reporting gaps or mistakes for s1-32 that I should avoid?+
How do I turn the s1-32 page into a draft disclosure quickly?+
How should I use the synthetic illustrative example on s1-32 without copying it into my report?+
Where can I find the workbook and printable card for s1-32, and what are they for?+
Can I use the s1-32 page alongside ESRS 2 General Disclosures data?+
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